272 GENTIAN FAMILY. 



2. PBASERA, AMERICAN COLUMBO. (Named for John Fraser.) 



F. Carolill6n8is. Rich wooded ground W. & S. : root very large and 

 deep, bitter (used in medicine as a substitute for Columbo) ; stem 3° -8° high j 

 leaves mostly in fours, lance-oblong, or the lowest spatulate; corolla 1' wide, 

 greenish-yellow or whitish, and darC-dotted. @ y. 



3. GENTI ANA, GENTIAN. (Old name, from ftnftW, king of Illy ria.) 

 Chiefly in woods and damp ground : flowering chiefly in autumn, a few in 

 summer. 



§ 1. Corolla without plaits at the sinuses : anthers separate: seeds wingless. (T) (5) 



G. quinquefldra. Chiefly N. & W. : branching ; leaves ovate-lanceolate 

 or slightly heart-shaped at base ; flowers panicled, hardly 1 ' long, the 5 lobes 

 of the pale blue corolla triangular-ovate, bristle-pointed. 



G. erinita, Fringed Gentian. Low grounds N. & W. : leaves lanceo- 

 late or broader, with rounded or heart-shaped base ; flowers solitary on long 

 peduncles terminating the stem or simple branches ; calyx with 4 unequal 

 lobes ; corolla sky-blue, showy, 2' long, funnel-form, the 4 wedge-obovate lobes 

 with margins cut into a long and delicate fiinge. 



G. detdusa, takes the place of the preceding species N. W , and is perhaps 

 a variety of it: has linear leaves and less fringe to the corolla (to which the 

 name alludes), often none at the top of the lobes. 



§ 2. Corolla naked, lJ'-2' long, with plaits at the sinuses, which project more or 

 less into teeth or thin intermediate lobes : pod stalked in the corolla. Ij. _ 



• Stems low, bearing 1-3 slender-peduncled flowers : seeds wingless. 



G. angustifdlia. Pine barrens fiom N. Jersey S. : 6' -15' high, with 

 linear leaves, and open funnel-form azure-blue corolla 2' long, its lobes ovate ; 

 anthers separate. 



* * Stems 1° - 2° high, hearing clustered or rarely solitary 2-bracted flowers at the 



summit of the leafy stem, and often in the upper axVs also. 

 '- Corolla between bell-shaped and short-fannel-form or obconicat,, mostly open, tvith 

 ovate lobes exceeding the usually toolhecl appendages of the plaits. 



G. ochroletica. Chiefly S. in dry ground : leaves obovate or spatulate- 

 oblong, narrowed at the base ; calyx-lobes linear ; corolla greenish-white with 

 greener and purplish stripes inside, somewhat bell-shaped ; anthers separate ; 

 seeds wingless. 



G. 41ba. Along the Alleghanies and N. W. : flowering at midsummer ; 

 leaves lance-ovate from a partly heart-shaped base, tapering thence to a point ; ■• 

 calyx-lobes ovate, short ; corolla yellowish-white, with short and broad lobes ; 

 anthers conniving ; seeds broadly winged. 



G. pub6rula. Dry barrens and prairies W. & S. : low, roughish, or 

 minutay pubescent, with lance-oblong, ovdte, or linear rough-margined leaves 

 only 1-2' long ; calyx-lobes lanceolate ; corolla bright blue, open, its spreading 

 ovate lobes 2 or 3 times longer than the cut-toothed intermediate appendages ; 

 seeds not covering the walls of the pod, as they do in the related species. 



G. Sapon&ria, Soapwokt G. Low woods, chiefly N. and along the 

 Alleghanies ; leaves lance-ovate, oblong, or obovate, or in a northern variety 

 linear, narrowed at base ; calyx-lobes linear or spatulate ; corolla light blue or 

 verging to white, little open, its short and broad lobes longer than the con- 

 spicuoiis 2-cleft intermediate appendages ; anthers conniving or united ; seeds 

 narrowly-winged. 



-1- -^ Corolla more cluh-sliaped and seldom open, truncate, with no proper lobes. 

 G. Andr^wsii, Closed 6. Woods especially N. : leaves lance-ovate or 

 lance-oblong with a narrowed base ; calyx-lobes ovate or oblong, short ; corolla 

 blue (rarely a white variety), its proper lobes if any shorter than the broad and 

 more conspicuous fringe-toothed and notched appendages which terminate the 

 folds ; anthers connected ; seeds broadly winged. 



