SPURGE FAMILY. 293 



101. SAURURACEJE, LIZARD'S-TAIL FAMILY, 



A very small family, having a single Eastern North American 

 representative in 



Saurtirus C^rnuus, Lizaed'b-tail. Wet swamps : fl. summer ; stem 

 jointed, 2° high, branching; leaves heart-shaped, with converging ribs, petioled ; 

 flowers white, crowded in a dense but slender tail-like spike, with the end 

 nodding, perfect, but with neither calyx nor corolla ; stamens 6 or 7, with long 

 slender white filaments ; pistils 3 or 4, slightly united at base. (Lessons, p. 86, 

 fig. 234.) 



102. EUPHORBIACE.ffi, SPURGE FAMILY. 



Plants with mostly milky acrid juice and moncBcious or dioecious 



flowers, of very various structure ; the ovary and fruit commonly 



3-celled and with single or at most a pair of hanging ovules and 



seeds in each cell. 



§ 1. Ovules and seeds only one in each cell, 



# FUnoers both siaminaie and pistillate really destitute both of calyx arid corolla ; a 

 jnstillate ajid numerous staminute surrounded by a cup-like ifwolucre which 

 imitates a calyXj so that the whole would be taken Jor one perfect jtower. 



1. EUPHORBIA. For the structure of the genus, which is recondite, see Manual, 



and Structural Botany, fig. 1143. These plants may be known, mostly, by 

 having the 3-lobed ovary raised out of the cup, on a curved stalk, its 3 

 short styles each 2-cleft, making 6 stigmas. Fruit when ripe bursting into 

 the 3 carpels, and each splitting into 2 valves, discharging the seed, what 

 seems to be a stamen witn a jomted filament is really a staminate flower, in 

 the axil of a slender bract, consisting of a single stamen on a pedicel, the joint 

 being the junction. 



# * Flowers of both hinds provided with a distinct calyx. 



2. STILLINGIA. Flowers in a terminal spike, naked and staminate above, a few 



fertile flowers at base. Calyx 2 - 3-cleft. Stamens 2, rarely 3. Pod 3-lobed. 

 Stigmas 3, simple. Bracts with a fleshy gland on each side. Leaves alter- 

 nate, stipulate. 



3. ACALYPHA. Flowers in small clusters disposed in spikes, staminate above, 



fertile at base; or sometimes the two sorts in separate spikes. Calyx or 

 sterile flowers 4rparted, of fertile 3 - 5-parted. Stamens 8-16, short, mona- 

 delphous at base; the 2 cells of the anther long and hanging. Styles 3, 

 out-fringed on the upper face, red. Pod of 3 (rarely 2 or 1) lobes or cells. 

 Fertile uower-olusters embraced by a leaf-like cut-lobed bract. Leaves alter- 

 nate, petioled, with stipules, serrate. 



4. EICINUS. Flowers in large panioled clusters, the fertile above, the staminate 



below. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens very many, in several bundles. Styles 3, 

 united at base, each 2-parted, red. Pod large, 3-lobed, with 3 large seeds. 

 Leaves alternate, with stipules. 

 6. JATROPHA. Flowers in cymes or panicles; the fertile in the main. forks. 

 Calyx colored like a corolla, in the sterile flowers mostly salver-shaped and 

 B-lobed, enclosing 10-30 stamens, somewhat monadelphous in two or more 

 ranks ; in the fertile 6-parted. Styles 3, united below, once or twice forked 

 at the apex. Pod 3-ceUed, 3-seed.ed. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, with 

 stipules. 



§ 2. Ovules and moslh seeds 2 in each cell of the ovary and S-hornedpod. Juice not 

 milky in the foUowmg: which have monascious flowers, 4 sepals, i exserted 

 stamens in die sterile, and 3 awl-shaped spreading or recurved styles or stigmas 

 in the fertile flowers. 



6. BUXUS. Flowers in small sessile bracted clusters in the axils of the thick 



and evergreen entire opposite leaves. Shrubs or trees. 



7. PACHYSANDEA. Flowers in naked lateral spikes, staminate above, a few 



fertile flowers at base. Filaments long, thiokish and flat, white. Nearly 

 herbaceous, low, tufted: leaves barely evergreen, alternate, coarsely few- 

 toothed. 



