298 NETTLE FAMILT. 



msty-downy buds ; leaves 4'- 8' long, doubly serrate, very rough above ; these 

 and the flowers sweet-scented in drying ; calyx-lobes and stamens 7 - 9 ; fruit 

 much less than 1' long, the seed-bearing centre pubescent. 



U. mont^a, Wtch or Scotch Elm. Planted from Bu. : leaves smaller 

 and less rough ; buds not downy ; calyx-lobes and stamens about 5 ; fruits 1' 

 long, smooth. 



§ 2. Leaves smooth above, smaller: notch at the summit of the fruit reaching nearly 

 to the seed-bearing cell : fruit only about J' long. 



* European species occasionally planted : flowers in close dusters : pedicels very 



short or hardly any : stamens 4 or 5 ; fruit smooth, round-obovate. 



TJ. camp^stris (or OLiBKA), English Elm. Large tree with rather short 

 horizontal or ascending branches ; leaves 2' - 4' long, mostly or soon smooth. 



U. suberdsa, European Cokk-Elm. Probably a mere variety of the 

 preceding, with thick plates of cork on the branches. 



* * Wild species, ivith the flowers soon hanging on slender stalks, which are jointed 



above the middle : fruit ovate or oval, with 2 sharp teeth at apex, the margin 

 downy-ciliate at least when young. 



TJ. Americ^a, Ameeican or White Elm. Well known large tree, 

 with long ascending branches gradually spreading, drooping slender branchlets, 

 which are smooth as well as the buds, not corky ; the abruptly pointed leaves 

 2' -4' long; flowers incloseclusters, with usually 7-9 calyx-lobes and stamens; 

 fruit smooth except the margins, its incurved points closing the notch. 



U. racembsa. Corky White Elm. Resembles the foregoing, but with 

 downy-ciliate bud-scales ; branches becoming corky, young brancmets some- 

 what pubescent, leaves with straighter veins, and flowers racemed. 



U. al&ta, Whahoo or Winged Elm. Virginia to 111. and S. : small 

 tree, with bud-scales and branchlets nearly smooth, winged plates of cork on 

 the branches, and small thickish leaves ( 1 ' - 2' long) almost sessile. 



2. FIiANERA, PLANER-TREE. (Named for I. J. Planer, a German 

 Botanist.) Flowers greenish, appearing with the leaves in early spring. 



P. ac[udtica, American P. RiVer swamps, from Kentucky S. : small 

 tree, leaves ovate-oblong, smooth ; fruit stalked in the calyx, beset with irregular 

 warts or crests. 



3. CELTIS, HACKBEREY or NETTLE-TREE. (Ancient Greek name 

 for the Lotus-berry, produced by the European species.) Fl. spring: fruit 

 ripe in autumn, eatable. 



C. occident^lis, American H. Small or middle-sized tree, of rich low 

 grounds ; with reticulated ovate and taper-pointed serrate or entire leaves, 

 oblique or partly heart-shaped at base, sweet thin-fleshed fruit as large as a pea. 

 Var. ptiMiLA, a straggling bush, chiefly S., only 4° - 10° high. 



4. FICUS, PIG. (The Latin, altered from the Greek name of the Pig.) 

 F. Carica, Common Pig. Cult, from the Levant, as a house-plant N. : 



leaves broad, 3 - 5-lobed, roughish above, rather downy beneath ; figs single in 

 the axils, pear-shaped, luscious. 



F. el4stica, India-Eubber-tree of E. Indies (not that of S. America) : 

 tree cult, in conservatories for its beautiful leaves, 6' - 10' long, oval-oblong, 

 entire, thick, smooth, bright green, glossy above. 



F. ripens, from China, a delicate creeping species, fixing itself firmly by 

 rootlets and covering walls in conservatories ; leaves 1' or less long, oblong- 

 ovate, with unequal partly heart-shaped base. 



5. M6RUS, mulberry. (Old Greek and Latin name.) Leaves heart- 

 shaped or ovate, mostly serrate, often palmately lobed ; short catkin-like 

 spikes axillary or lateral ; fl. spring : fruit in summer, eatable. 



M. rtlbra, Red Mulberry. Low tree, wild in rich woods or along 

 streams ; leaves rough above, downy beneath, pointed ; spikes often dioecious, 

 fruit cylindrical, red, turning dark purple. 



