COLOR. 39 
four inches long. On the legs and face the hair is short, quite 
solid, and without the under fur. On the belly it is not so dense 
as above, but finer and softer, and has the fur beneath. 
Color. 
The color of this animal is quite uniform on different individu- 
als, though a difference in the depth of the shades may be ob- 
served. On the female, the colored portions are not of so deep 
a shade as on the male, and on the whole the marks are not so 
pronounced, although the white is quite as immaculate. 
At birth, the young have substantially the same markings as 
the adult, though the dark shades deepen somewhat as they grow 
older. Not the least appearance of those spots is observed on the 
fawns, which so beautifully ornament the young of the smaller 
deer. 
In a large majority of cases, downward from a line drawn be- 
tween the outer base of the horns, the face is a dark brown or 
dull black. Two inches forward from this line the dark portion 
is narrowest, and is scarcely two and one half inches wide, while 
it is nearly four inches broad lower down. While this dark color 
embraces the nostrils, it is separated from them by a white stripe 
along the upper lip, which in front is seven lines broad, widening 
posteriorly, till at the angle of the mouth it is more than an 
inch broad. Here it unites with the white, which embraces the 
chin and most of the lower jaw, and extends along the cheek to 
the eye, the upper portion shaded with red. One inch below the 
eye, and involving the posterior portion of the cheek, is an irreg- 
ular dark brown patch, from two to three inches in diameter. 
This is most conspicuous on the male. This mark is surrounded 
by the tawny yellow of the back, except between it and the 
lower part of the ear, where is a white patch two and one half 
inches long and one and one half inches broad. There is a dark 
circle around the eyes. Above the black on the face, to the ears, 
is white. The ears are white on both sides, but much less pro- 
nounced on the outside. The edges of the ears are black, con- 
siderably less so on the back edge than on the top and front. 
The eyelashes are of an intense black. So we may say the whole 
head is white, except the face, the spots beneath the ears, a circle 
around the eyes, the eyelashes, and the edges of the ears; though 
sometimes the russet yellow marks the back part of the cheeks. 
The long, coarse, stiff, erect hairs of the mane are very black at 
the outer ends; lower down they are rufous brown shading to 
white. 
