THE HEAD. 161 
Caribou, is not extended remarkably beyond the lower, but it is 
round, heavy, and blunt, and is entirely covered with short gray 
hair. In this respect it differs from all our other species, but is 
precisely paralleled in the reindeer of Europe. 
In striking contrast to the head of the moose is that of the 
Wapiti deer. It is symmetrical in form, with a very broad 
though flat forehead, and between the eyes, below which it is 
rather long and slender. It has a well developed eye, which has 
a pleasant expression, except when the animal is excited by an- 
ger or jealousy, when it has a wicked expression. This is much 
heightened especially in the male, in this condition, when he 
throws up his head with the face in a horizontal position, draws 
back his lips so as to show his front teeth, and grates his molars 
with a loud, harsh sound. This is not a pleasant smile but a hor- 
rid grin. It is so threatening that the observer is glad if he is 
separated from the brute by an impassable barrier. This is 
rarely observed in the male except during the rut, or the female 
when she has a young fawn to protect. The head of the elk is 
ornamented with the most beautiful antlers of all our deer, and 
is only disfigured by the coarse, awkward ears. 
The head of the Mule Deer is well enough but for its dispro- 
portioned ear. The eye is of medium size, but lacks the ani- 
mated expression of some of the other species. It has a sunken 
forehead with a small volume of brain. Below the eyes the face 
is larger and coarser than on any of the other deer, except the 
moose and the caribou. 
The Columbia Deer has a fuller forehead, a slimmer face, and 
a larger and brighter eye than the mule deer. ‘The ear, though 
large, does not seem to detract from its fine proportions. 
The head of the Virginia Deer is more admired than that of 
any of the others except that of the wapiti. It has a sharp muz- 
zle, rather narrow forehead, eyes rather small and of good expres- 
sion. On the whole, the proportions of this head harmonize ad- 
mirably, and it is carried in such a lofty, lordly way, upon a long, 
slender, and graceful neck, that it may always be looked upon 
with admiration. 
The Acapuleo Deer has a short but trim head. Its most 
marked feature is, its broad, full forehead with a very large brain 
cavity, and it certainly knows more than any of our other deer. 
A small, delicate ear does not disfigure it, while the eye is of good 
size and pleasant expression. 
All of the deer show the lachrymal sinus, but it varies some- 
11 
