THE ANTLERS. 201 
This last came from Labrador, and I think grew upon a doe. 
The other may be either a Nova Scotian or Newfoundland speci- 
men. Between these two, which may be considered the ultra 
extremes, the variety is endless.” 
Another typical feature is, that almost always one, and gen- 
erally both, of the brow tines, project downwards over the face, 
reaching with the spurs on the palms, nearly to the end of the 
nose, and very frequently obstructing the vision more or less. 
Sometimes both the brow and the bez tine descend from the 
same antler together, and are broadly palmated at the ends. 
These palms generally stand vertically, or nearly so, or are com- 
pressed laterally. : 
I have in my collection four sets of male caribou antlers, and 
in all, the antlers on each head are exceptionally alike, as will be 
seen in the illustrations. 
The largest (Fig. 2) are three feet long each. The beams are 
nearly cylindrical, or rather triangular, to near their ends, where 
they have small palms bordered with spurs. Each brow tine 
which descends over the face is seventeen inches long. They are 
compressed laterally towards their ends to widths of three and 
four inches respectively, the spurs of which approach each other 
to within three inches, while they are apart ten inches at the 
beams. Each in my collection, except the smallest, throws off 
one or more posterior tines. These show an exceptional absence 
of palmation, and much more resemble the antlers of the Euro- 
pean variety than is usually met with in this country. A glance 
at the illustrations of the antlers of the Reindeer of Europe 
*and of the Woodland Caribou will show this, but that the com- 
parison may be the better understood I will give the measure- 
ments of the antlers of the male wild Reindeer which I brought 
from Lapland, shown in the illustration. (Fig. 7, p. 203.) The 
right antler is thirty-eight inches and six lines long. On that 
the brow tine is twelve inches and eight lines. It has two pos- 
terior tines near the end of the beam, the first of which is eight 
inches and three lines in length, and the other is six inches and 
nine lines. There is no bez-tine on this antler. The left antler 
is thirty-five inches and six lines long. The brow tine is nine 
inches and three lines in length, and the bez-tine is thirteen 
inches long. While these tines are flattened they are not pal- 
mated, as is usually observed on the American variety. Al- 
though the burrs are not entirely wanting they are very insignifi- 
cant, as is always the case on both continents, and the pedicels 
