264 THE DEER OF AMERICA. 
one inch in depth and seven lines in diameter. On very large 
animals I have found it fully one inch and a half in depth. 
Hairs, though to a limited number, are found within it. On this 
deer I have found this gland more active than on any of the others. 
It always contains a considerable amount of the secreted matter, 
which is about the consistency of cerumen, and a portion of it 
frequently assumes the form of pellets about the size of a small pea, 
which, however, are so soft as to be more or less flattened. This 
substance is of a grayish color, and emits an odor which is strong 
and offensive to most nostrils. JI have never seen a white man 
smell of it who did not look and express himself disgusted. 
The Columbia Deer possess this gland in each foot. While its 
location is the same its position seems to be a little different from 
that on any of the others, and it is more massive, and has the ap- 
pearance of muscle attached to the inner side of the skin, 
though in fact it pervades the whole skin. The lobules are 
larger than on any others examined, being half a line in diameter, 
and sexangular or octangular in form, and readily distinguished 
by the naked eye. 
The directién of the opening is more parallel with the line of 
the foot, the opening being found by passing the probe up the 
deep indentation between the phalangeal bones. The sack is 
about seven lines deep and five lines in diameter at the orifice, 
contracting toward the end. It contains a limited amount of 
hairs, and the amount of secreted matter within is moderately 
abundant. The gland is not confined to the sack, but extends 
down to the extreme point of division between the hoofs, the 
hairs overgrowing it at the bottom of the indentation, all the 
way down, being stained a yellowish shade by the exudation. 
This retains its pungent odor a long time after the death of the 
animal. This gland is appreciably larger, as we shall see, than 
is that on the mule deer, which has identically the same gait 
when at its best speed. 
My opportunities for examining the Mule Deer have been suffi- 
ciently extensive to be satisfactory. This gland is present in all 
the feet, but is much less extensive than in the Virginia deer 
and proportionally less than on the Columbia deer. On a fully 
adult animal the sack is six lines deep and five lines in diameter. 
This sack is more abundantly lined with hairs than* that on the 
Virginia deer. These hairs are fine, soft, and elastic, and from 
their confinement have assumed a curled or curved form. The 
secretions I found less abundant, and less pungent to the smell 
than in the Virginia deer or the Columbia deer. 
