326 THE DEER OF AMERICA. 
They occupy the northern portions of both continents, being 
only exceeded in their northern range by the reindeer. They 
must live in a wooded country. They affect the same kinds of 
food, and are the only deer which we find habitually browsing 
upon conifers. The whole form of the animal presents many 
peculiar characteristics, entirely wanting in all other animals; 
among which I cannot overlook, that peculiar tuft of black hair 
on the inside of the hock, which is exactly alike on every indi- 
vidual of both varieties, so far as it has been possible to examine, 
while never a gland or tuft of hair is found on the outside of the 
hind leg, although this is exceptional in the genus. 
Perhaps the most remarkable feature of all is, both are monog- 
amous in their habits, with strange peculiarities, which are par- 
ticularly described on p. 278, et seg., where I also show that 
with the exception of one other species of deer, (C. capreolus), 
found in Europe, and some of the monkey tribe, so far as I recol- 
lect, I have never seen this habit ascribed to any other quadruped. 
At any rate it is exceedingly rare, and so has the more value in 
the catalogue of similitudes when comparing these animals. How 
strikingly in every detail this peculiar habit is practiced by the 
Elk in Europe as it is by the Moose in America, is there shown. - 
One could write a book almost, without exhausting the similitudes 
between these animals, many of which are peculiar to them, while 
their few and slight differences are specified in a few words, every 
one of which may be found in individuals on either continent. 
THE CARIBOU AND THE REINDEER. 
That the Reindeer and our Woodland Caribou are specifically 
identical, I think equally clear. The divergence which has 
resulted from long separation under somewhat different condi- 
tions of life is even less, if possible, than that which has occurred 
with the two varieties of Alces. Their differences are easily enu- 
merated. 
The first to be noticed with them is in the antlers. The gen- 
eral configuration is the same in both. With a long and slender 
beam, first retreating and spreading, and then curving forward 
and inward, they present fundamental peculiarities observed in 
none others of the genus, except that which is closely allied to 
them, to say the least, namely, the Barren-ground Caribou. Both 
have brow-tines exceedingly variant on individuals, and even in 
different antlers on the same animal, with the universal charac- 
