APPENDIX. 415 
wards their insertion in the hyoid bone. The valve which Camper has evi- 
dently taken to be the sac lies outside of the mucous sac, but is incorporated 
with its anterior walls; the inner wall of the true sac surrounds and is at- 
tached to the larynx extending longitudinally from the hyoid bone to the base 
of the thyroid cartilage, how much further it may extend cannot, from the im- 
perfect state of the specimen already mentioned, be determined, and at present 
the writer would only call it an organ of voice. The slit or orifice exists as 
Camper describes, but opens into the laryngeal sac, which lies above the valve 
that is next the larynx. The dimensions of this larynx are as follows: — 
Length of larynx from base of epiglottis to base of thyroid 
cartilage . . : ie : z . 7 : 2 0.5 inches. 
Circumference of larynx. : : a : se 2 0.11 inches. 
Inside diameter of larynx . : : : . ; 7 0.2 inches. 
The age of the reindeer which Camper dissected, he said was “ four years,” 
but ‘‘ithad not attained its full growth.” It is therefore possible that the sac 
was not fully developed. The muscles described by him taken in connection 
with those found in the young buck make this very probable. 
‘Mr. Morrow said that he had made every exertion to obtain a more perfect 
specimen of the larynx from an old buck, but without success. A small buck 
eight months old was sent to him and dissected by Dr. Sommers, Dr. Gilpin, 
and himself on the 27th January; and a female calf nine months old and an 
adult doe was put at his disposal by Mr. T. J. Egan, and dissected February 
19. Mr. Morrow gave an account of the dissection of these three animals 
taken from the notes of Dr. Sommers; with reference to the larynx, very 
much abridged, it was as follows: In the young buck the organ existed as 
described in the adult animal, but in an immature state; it would probably be 
developed with the growth of the animal; the muscles were not found as in the 
adult animal, but arising apparently from the base of the epiglottis on either 
side, possibly continuous with the thyro-epiglottidean and aryteno-epiglottid- 
ean muscles, are two bands of muscular fibres passing over on either side 
of a body which probably would develop and form the valve in the adult, and 
are connected with it by fibrous adhesions; extending forwards they unite at 
its upper border, forming a single muscular band which becomes inserted into 
the upper and inner edge of the hyoid bone. These fibres have no analogues 
in man. Under the microscope the structure forming this body (which was 
about the size of a small horse-bean) was found to consist mostly of fatty 
tissue with a moderate proportion of granular cells. This body, which would 
form the valve, was absent in the doe and very rudimentary in the female fawn. 
Camper pointed out that the female reindeer is without this organ in the 
larynx, and also that it is not present in the male fallow deer, and from a 
specimen exhibited it was scen that it was not in the Virginia deer. 
Inside of the hock of the Caribou there is a patch of hair of a lighter color 
and somewhat longer than that which covers the skin in its immediate neigh- 
borhood, and the skin under this patch is slightly thicker than that immedi- 
ately around it. This spot is usually called a ‘ gland.’’ It is caused by an en- 
largement of the hair follicles, has a very strong smell, and in the Caribou is a 
scent “gland.” The matter producing this scent is entirely different from 
that contained in the tubes; it appears to be a highly volatile oil, and resists 
salt for a long time after the rest of the skin has become saturated; when dry 
