Tilia 1657 



pubescent tip of a third scale may be discerned at the apex of the bud ; the first 

 and second scales are shining, glabrous, ciliate. 



This species is readily distinguished by the bluish tint of the under surface of 

 the leaves, which are very different in their tertiary venation from the other common 

 limes. The erect and not pendulous cymes of flowers are also a peculiar feature. 



Varieties 



This species, as limited here to the European and Caucasian small-leaved 

 lime, displays little variation in the wild state, the varieties^ established by 

 Schneider on the shape and size of the leaf and the amount of the pubescence on the 

 fruit, being probably due to soil conditions, and not worth enumerating. A few 

 peculiar sports have been noticed, none of which appear to be known in England : — 



1. Var. vitifolia, Schneider, op. cit. Leaves three-lobed. Wild in Hungary. 



2. Var. aureo-variegata, Schneider,^ op. cit. Leaves variegated with yellow. 



3. Var. cucullata, Henry (var. nova). Similar to the variety so named of T. 

 platyphyllos. De Vries, Species and Varieties, 355, 669 (1906) and Mutation Theory, 



470, fig. 106 (1910), draws attention to a tree with peltate and pitcher-like leaves, 

 which is growing at Lage Vuursche, near Amsterdam. 



Distribution 



The small-leaved lime is a native of the greater part of Europe and of the 

 Caucasus, the closely allied forms ^ in Siberia, Manchuria, and Japan being now 

 regarded as distinct species. In Europe, it extends from northern Spain to the Ural 

 range, attaining its maximum development in Russia, where it occasionally forms 

 pure woods, but more usually, as is always the case elsewhere, growing as isolated 

 trees or in small groups with other deciduous trees. It occurs as far north 

 as the province of Volgoda, where it disappears after becoming a small shrub at 

 lat. 62°. In the Ural, it reaches as far north as lat. 58° 50'. The finest lime woods 



' Var. Blockiana, Schneider (T. Blockiana, Borbas), and var. ovalifolia, Spach, with leaves larger and less cordate than 

 usual, are possibly of hybrid origin. 



2 Tilia ulmifolia, Scopoli, \ax.foliis variegatis, Petzold and Kirchner, Arb. Muse. 156 (1864), is another name for this 

 variety. 



^ The Asiatic forms are distinguished as follows from the European T. cordata : — 



A. Tilia sibirica, Bayer, in Verh. Z. Bot. Ges. Wien. xii. 23 (1862). 



Tilia cordata, var. sibirica, Maximowicz, in Bull. Ac. St. Petersb. xxvi. 432 (i86o). Indigenous in western Siberia. 

 Not yet introduced. Differs mainly in the leaves, truncate or cuneate at the base, with sharper serrations, and 

 long hairs on the nerves. 



B. Tilia amurensis, Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. 253 (1869). 



Tilia Maximowiczii, Baker, mjourn. Bot. xxxvi. 319 {1898). 



Tilia cordata, var. mandshurica, Maximowicz, in MH. Biol. x. 584 {1880). Indigenous in Manchuria and Korea, 

 Not yet introduced. Differs in the larger leaves, with fewer coarser serrations, which are tipped with long points. 



C. Tilia japonica, Simonkai, in Math. Term. Koezl. xxii. 326 (1888). 



Tilia cordata, V2X. japonica, Miquel, in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. iii. 18 (1867) ; Sargent, in Garden and Forest, vi. iii 

 (1^93), a.nA Forest Flora Japan, 20(1894); Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. Forest . Japon, i. text 115, t. 72, figs, i-io 

 (1900). Indigenous in Japan, where it is a small tree, rarely higher than 60 ft. It was introduced into the 

 Arnold Arboretum, U.S.A., in 1886, where it is hardy, producing flowers and fruit every year ; but is said to be 

 scarcely distinct from the European species. It appears to differ mainly in the flowers, which are 20 to 40 in each 

 cyme, and possess staminodes. Specimens collected by Elwes at Asahigawa in Yezo show no difference in leaves 

 and branchlets. 



