iy^6 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



buds, which are normally glabrous, are occasionally pubescent. Varieties, differing 

 in the leaves, have been distinguished : — 



1. Var. orbiculata, Kerner, in Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, x. 248 (i860). This 

 is the typical form of the species, in which the leaves are broadly oval, slightly cordate 

 at the base, and with the apex bent to one side. 



2. Var. elliptica, Kerner, loc. cit. Leaves elliptic and tapering at both ends. 

 This is said to be the more common form in northern and mountainous districts. 



3. Var. sphacelata, Wahlenberg, Fl. Carpat. 319 (i 814). 



Var. alpina, Gaudin, Fl. Helv. vi. 240 (1830). 



Salix sphacelata, Smith, Brit. Bot. iii. 1066 (1805), Eng. Bot. t 2333 (1812), and Eng. 

 Flora, iv. 224 (1828); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iii. 1563 (1838). 



Leaves small, tomentose on both surfaces. This is an alpine form, which occurs 

 in the Highlands of Scotland. 



4. Wax. pendula, Petzold and Kirchner, Arb. Muse. 576 (1864). 



Salix Kilmarnocki, Nicholson, Kew Hand-list Trees, ii. 213 (1896). 



Pendulous in habit, usually grafted on a stock about 4 ft. high, and forming a 

 weeping shrub, which is known as the Kilmarnock Willow. This was discovered ^ in 

 1840 on the banks of the river Ayr, and was propagated by Lang, nurseryman at 

 Kilmarnock. The original tree died of old age about 1884. 



II. S. Caprea is closely related to both S. cinerea and S. aurita, which are bushy 

 species. Intermediate forms, which are often difficult to discriminate, have been 

 referred to the following hybrids : — 



5. Salix Reichardtii, Kerner, in Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, x. 249 (i860). 

 This hybrid between 5. Caprea and S. cinerea is rare, only a few examples from 



Perthshire, Fifeshire, Worcestershire, and Kent being recorded by Buchanan White. 

 Both parents are common ; but they do not flower at the same time, and are rarely 

 met with together, as S. Caprea is most frequent in woods, whilst 5". cinerea grows 

 chiefly on river banks. 



6. Salix capreola, Kerner, ^;ir Andersson in De Candolle, Proa!', xvi. 2, p. 223 (1868). 

 This hybrid between S. Caprea and S. aurita is also rare, as the periods 



of flowering of the two species are not identical. There are pistillate specimens at 

 Kew from Derbyshire and Surrey ; and Buchanan White mentions other localities in 

 Perth, Worcestershire, and Somerset. 



Distribution 



The common sallow or goat willow is widely distributed, occurring in Europe, 

 the Caucasus, Siberia, Amurland, Manchuria, and Korea. In Europe it exists in 

 every country, extending as far north as Iceland and Lapland, and as far south as 

 southern Spain, Italy, and Greece. It is most commonly found in woods on the 

 plains and lower hilly regions, but reaches 3300 feet elevation in Norway and 4500 

 feet in the Carpathians. It grows on almost all soils, on those which are moist, 

 marshy, or even peaty, as well as in dry rocky or stony ground. It attains its largest 



1 Cf. Rev. Dr. Landsborough, in Ann. Kilmarnock Gknfield Ramblers' Soc, 1893-1894, p. 20. 



