1852 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



protruding ribs at the base of the trunk, with deep concave recesses between them. 

 The stem, as in the American species, usually produces an abundance of pendulous 

 epicormic' shoots. Fliche states that it suckers freely from the roots, and gives 

 abundant coppice shoots.^ It does not appear ever to form corky wings on the twigs. 

 The leaves usually turn a yellowish colour in autumn. 



Klotzsch,== who was curator of the Berlin Herbarium, crossed U. pedunculata with 

 " U. campestHs" (probably U. nitens) in 1845 I and raised seedlings from both the 

 cross-fertilised seeds and from the seeds of the parent trees ; and after eight years' 

 growth under similar conditions, the hybrid seedlings were one-third taller than the 

 others. 



Varieties 



U. pedunculata does not differ from U. americana in the characters of the 

 flowers or fruits ; and can only be kept distinct ' from that species, on account of its 

 usually smaller and more oblique leaves, which are smooth above to the touch. 

 U. pedunculata as described above has usually leaves densely pubescent beneath ; 

 but trees with almost glabrous leaves are occasionally seen in cultivation. The most 

 remarkable variety in the wild state * is the following : — 



1. Var. celtidea, Rogowicz, Fl. Kief, 229 {1869); Koppen, Holzgewdchse Europ. 

 Russlands, ii. 33 (1889) ; Chitrovo, in Bull. Soc. Nat. Orel, i. 50, t. i (1907). 



Var. glabra, Trautvetter, in £ull. Phys. Math. Acad. Imp. Sc. St. Petersb. xv. 349 (1857). 

 Ulmus celtidea, Litwinow, Schedce Herb. Fl. Ross. vi. 167 (1908). 



Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about i in. in length, long acuminate at the apex, 

 coarsely and sharply serrate, cuneate and subequal at the base, nearly quite glabrous 

 beneath. Stamens five or six. Samarse smaller than in the type. 



This peculiar elm was found by Rogowicz in 1856 near Chernigof. Lately, 

 another remarkable tree has been discovered near Briansk in the Orel province, 

 which has similarly shaped trees, but much larger in size, 4 to 5 in. long, and 

 pubescent beneath. Seedlings of this tree raised at Kief have broad leaves as in the 

 typical form of the species. 



The following horticultural varieties,* none of which are in cultivation in 

 England, have been described. 



2. '^^t. punctata, Schelle, Laubholz-Benennung, 87 (1903). 

 Leaves variegated with white. 



1 The leaves on coppice shoots, which I gathered in 1912 near Rochefort in Belgium, are very large, 6 to 9 in. long and 

 4 to 5 in. broad, oval, with a single long cuspidate point at the apex, nearly equal at the rounded base, scabrous with short 

 bristles on the upper surface, sparsely pubescent beneath. 



2 In Monatsbericht K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1854, pp. 535-562, abstracted in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, ii. 327 

 (1855). Klotzsch, whose article is of great interest, seems to have been the first botanist to make experiments in crossing 

 forest trees. In 1845 ^^ also crossed Pinus sylvestris and P. austriaca, Quercus sessiliflora and Q. pedunculata, Alnus 

 incana and A. glutinosa ; and in each case raised hybrid seedlings of great vigour ; and claimed that by hybridisation, both 

 the rapidity of growth and durability of the timber of forest trees could be augmented considerably. Cf. Darwin, Animals 

 and Plants under Domestication, ii. 130 (1 868). 



' Jouin showed Elwes in Simon-Louis's nursery at Metz young trees of both species. Those of U. pedunculata had 

 much smoother bark ; but it is doubtful if this character is a constant one. 



* Hayne, Arz. Gew. iii. t. 17 (1813), described four varieties, which are unworthy of retention, being based on trifling 

 variations in the flowers and leaves. Zapalowicz, Consp. Fl. Galic. ii. 96 (1908), has lately described two varieries, which I 

 have not seen. 



