Ulmus 1853 



3. Var. aureo-variegata, Schelle, loc. cit. 

 Leaves spotted with yellow. 



4. Var. erubescens, Von Schwerin, in Mitt. Deut. Dend. Ges. 191 1, p. 423. 

 Leaves turning a beautiful red in autumn. 



5. Var. urticcefolia, Jacques, ex De Vries, Plant Breeding, 614 (1906). 



A chance seedling, with laciniate leaves, which was raised by Jacques in 1830, 

 and subsequently was multiplied by grafting. This variety appears to be lost, as 

 it is not now known in cultivation. 



6. Bolle mentions a pyramidal form, which is growing in the cemetery at 

 Fredericksfelde near Berlin. 



Distribution 



U . pedunculata is a native of central Europe, being distributed from eastern 

 France to Russia. It is not a native of the British Isles or of Scandinavia,^ and is 

 nearly absent from the Mediterranean region, being unknown in Spain and Portugal, 

 only recorded from two stations in northern Italy, and very rare in Greece. 



It appears to be most widely spread in Russia,^ where it is prevalent except in 

 the extreme north and the region of the steppes, its northern limit extending from 

 southern Finland across Lake Onega, the valley of the Dwina as far north as lat. 

 63", and Perm, to the western side of the Ural range. It usually occurs scattered 

 in the broad-leaved forests, but is more common than U. montana in the govern- 

 ments of Tula and Moscow. In Russia* it is planted along the railways as a 

 protection against snowdrifts in winter. It also occurs in the Crimea and the 

 Caucasus. 



It is a rare tree in Belgium, Holland, and Denmark ; but is met with in central 

 and northern Germany, especially in Brandenburg,* where the finest trees occur on 

 the banks of the Havel and Spree, some being 100 feet in height and 20 ft. in girth. 

 In Germany it usually grows in damp deciduous woods, and on the swampy banks of 

 streams and lakes. It is recorded for a few stations in Switzerland,^ Montenegro, 

 Roumania, Bulgaria, and Servia, where I saw in 1 909 a tree about 50 ft. high on the 

 banks of the Drina, near Zvornik. (A. H.) 



In France it is only found in the north-east, in a few stations, though 

 according to Fliche® it has probably been more abundant, as it occurs mostly on 

 rich and fertile soils in the plains which are now cultivated. It is most numerous in 

 the south-east of the department of the Ardennes in the forest of Mondieu and at 

 Stenay, both in the valley of the Meuse. It never grows in quantity, but is scattered 

 in mixture with Quercus pedunculata in damp places, associated with ash, willow, 

 aspen, birch, and alder. It is also found near Gray in the upper Sa6ne valley, and 



1 Schiibeler says it grows well on the south and west coast of Scandinavia, and Elwes saw it planted near Stockholm. 



2 Koppen, Hohgewdchse Europ. Russlands, ii. 26 (1889). It occurs in Finland on the shores of the Gulf, but Elwes did 

 not see it in the forest of Raivola. 



' Garden and Forest, 1890, p. 475. * Bolle, in Garden and Forest, 1888, p. 381. 



' Dr. Christ says it occurs wild only at Schaflfhausen ; but I have a specimen from Mr. A. B. Jackson, collected at the 

 foot of the Harderberg, near Interlaken. ' In Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xlviii. 381 (1901). 



VII 2 D 



