Ulmus 1859 



injured the native elms. They seldom flower, but one of these trees has borne 

 seed from which plants were raised in 1909. The soil on which they grow is a light 

 sandy loam of one or two feet depth on the chalky boulder clay. At one spot only, 

 and in a hawthorn thicket, two young trees about 30 feet seem to have sprung from 

 suckers. The parents of these, a thickly - planted cluster, died about seventeen 

 years ago. Sir Hugh Beevor states that there are six trees of the same age at 

 Wilby Hall, about a mile and a half from Hargham ; and says that this species has 

 a distinctive charm and moreover very rarely suckers, and that he will plant it for 

 ornament in future at Hargham, in preference to other elms. 



Another tree, growing at Hildenley, Yorkshire, was raised from seed by the late 

 Sir Charles Strickland about 1870 and measured in 1905 44 ft. by 3 ft. There are 

 also two small trees by the garden road at Tortworth ; a small tree in Silkwood, 

 Weston Birt ; small trees planted by myself in Congham Wood, Norfolk, which are 

 growing fairly well in sandy soil ; and several at Colesborne which at present do not 

 seem to suffer from the lime in the soil. 



In Scotland Henry found a tree at Methven, Perthshire, which in 1904 was 

 about 60 ft. by 5^ ft. Loudon says that in 1828 there was a tree in the Botanic 

 Garden at Edinburgh which we cannot now find. 



In Ireland Henry saw in 1903 the stump of a tree^ blown down in that year 

 which grew in Trinity College Botanic Garden, Dublin, and was said by the late' 

 F. W. Burbidge to have been 80 ft. high. 



In France it seems to succeed no better than in England ; and M. Jouin 

 informs me that many specimens in the east of France and in Alsace grown as 

 U. americana are in reality U. pedunculata. 



Timber 



Sargent says of this wood that it is heavy, hard, strong, tough, difficult to split, 

 and rather coarse-grained, light brown in colour, with thick sap wood which is paler. 

 It is largely used in the States for wheel hubs, saddle trees, flooring, and cooperage, 

 and in boat- and ship-building. It is now imported to London in the form of boards 

 which are used as a cheap substitute for coffin boards. I am informed by Mr. A. H. 

 Ross of the Toronto University that a great deal of what is now known in the trade 

 as rock elm, a name properly used for U. racemosa, is really taken from U. 

 americana ; and judging from the specimens I have seen, and from those in Hough's 

 American Woods, the two are difficult to distinguish. (H. J. E.) 



1 The lower part of the stem of this tree, which is 21 in. in diameter and shows eighty-two annual rings, is preserved in 

 the Forestry Museum at Avondale. 



