1874 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



the history of which is unknown, is about the same height and is similar in all 

 respects. 



9. Ulmus Dauvessei, Henry. 



Ulmus montana, var. Dauvessei, Nicholson, Kew Hand-List Trees, 139 (1896). 



Branches ascending, forming a broad pyramidal tree. Leaves similar to those 

 of U. montana, but smaller and thinner in texture, rarely exceeding 4 in. long and i^ 

 in. wide, with petioles up to \ in. long. Flowers more irregular than in U. montana, 

 funnel-shaped or campanulate with a narrowed tubular base ; sepals five or six, pink ; 

 stamens four to seven, with bright pink filaments and dark red anthers ; stigmas pink. 



The irregularity of the flowers, the lengthened petioles, the small leaves, and 

 the peculiar habit of this tree, all point to its being of hybrid origin ; but its history is 

 unknown to me. It is represented at Kew by a tree, about 40 ft. high and 2\ 

 ft. in girth, which was obtained from Lee in 1879. 



Distribution 



U. montana is a native of Europe, Asia Minor, and the Caucasus ; but seems 

 to be unknown in Siberia,^ though it occurs in Amurland, Manchuria, and Japan, 



In Europe it is a more northerly species than U. nitens, and only occurs in 

 the Mediterranean region at high elevations in the mountains, as in the Pyrenees,^ 

 Apennines, Balkan States, and Greece. It is not known in Portugal, and is limited 

 in Spain ^ to a few mountain woods in Asturias, the Basque Provinces, Aragon, and 

 Navarre. It is the only species in Scandinavia, where it is met with in the wild 

 state as far north as lat. 67° in Norway, and lat. 64° 50' in Sweden. Its northern 

 limit in Russia* extends from southern Finland through Olonetz, Archangel (lat. 

 62°), and Viatka to Perm (lat. 60° 40') ; and it extends southwards to the border of 

 the steppes. In Switzerland, southern Germany, and Austro- Hungary, it is essen- 

 tially a mountain tree, ascending in the Tyrol and in the Carpathians to 4000 ft. 

 Farther north it descends into the plains, and is common in north Germany on 

 the banks of streams and in alluvial land. It is not known to form pure woods, 

 being always mingled as isolated trees in the mixed broad-leaved forest. 



In the British Isles, it is widely spread throughout Ireland and Scotland ; 

 and occurs in coppices and woods on hilly ground in most parts of England. In 

 Bucks, Surrey, and Sussex, where it is often seen in coppice, it is commonly known 

 as wych-hazel ; while in Scotland and Ireland, it is always known as wych-elm ; but 

 the latter name is usually applied to the eastern counties of England, to U. nitens, 

 which is a much more common tree there. 



Mr. Clement Reid records^ the remains of elms in interglacial deposits at 



' Maximowicz, in Mil. Biol. ix. 25 (1872). 



" U. pyrenaica, Lapeyrouse, Hist. PI. Pyrin. Sufpl. 154 (1818), judging from a specimen in Gay's herbarium at Kew, 

 is U. montana. 



3 Willkomm, PJlanzmverbrtit. Iber. Halbinsel, 126, 202 (1896). 

 * Koppen, Hohgewachse Europ. Russlands, ii. 43 (1889). 



6 Origin of British Flora, 59, 66, 69, 74, 142 (1899)- We are indebted for part of the above information to a recent 

 letter from Mr. Clement Reid. 



