1 888 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



pubescent caulicle, which ends in a long tap-root ; and are sub-orbicular to obovate, 

 ^ to |- in. long, broad and rounded at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, green 

 above with scattered short bristles, whitish and glabrous beneath ; indistinctly 

 veined ; margin entire and ciliate ; stalklets very short, pubescent. Leaves, arising 

 from the stiff erect pubescent stem in opposite pairs, ovate, sharply serrate or 

 biserrate, scabrous above with papillae and numerous short bristles, the latter being 

 scattered on the under surface ; ciliate in margin ; petioles short, pubescent. 

 Seedlings, sown in June, attain in October 6 to 12 in. in height, and bear six to 

 eight pairs of leaves as a rule. The normal alternate foliage of the adult plant 

 appears in the second year ; but develops at once on any branch that may be 

 formed in the first year. The pubescent twigs and rough hairy leaves are preserved 

 for a considerable period, the normal foliage and branchlets not appearing till the 

 trees are about ten years old.^ 



Varieties 



This species, being distributed over a wide area (cf. p. 1896), is variable in 

 the wild state, in the amount of pubescence on the branchlets and leaves, and in 

 the presence or absence of corky ridges on the twigs and branches. In the ordinary 

 form in England, the twigs are not suberose. 



1. Var. suberosa, Henry. Cork-barked Elm. 



Ulmus hollandica, Pallas, Fl. Ross, 76 (1784) (not Miller). 



Ulmus suberosa, Moench, Verz. Weissenst. 136 (1785); Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. xii. 13, 



t. 663 (1850); Hartig, Naturges. Forst. Cult. 459, t. 56 (185 1) (not Ehrhart,^ Smith, 



Lindley, or Loudon). 

 Ulmus tetrandra, Schkuhr, Bot. Handb. i. 178, t. 58 b (1791). 

 Ulmus campestris, var. suberosa, Wahlenberg, Fl. Carpat. 71 (18 14). 

 Ulmus glabra, var. suberosa, Giirke, in Ritter and Giirke, PI. Europ. ii. 72 (1897). 



Branchlets of the second to the tenth year furnished with corky wings. Leaves 

 and samarae as in the type (Plate 412, Fig. 19). 



This variety is occasionally seen in England, as on trees at Hatfield ; and is 

 represented at Kew by four trees of no great size, but of considerable age, which 

 were long labelled erroneously U. alataJ" It appears to be a common variety in 

 the forests of central Europe, as in the oak forests on the banks of the Save in 

 Slavonia, where I saw it in 1909, and Elwes in 19 10. Elwes also gathered a specimen 

 at Gisselfelde in Denmark in 19 10. 



A form of var. suberosa with small leaves, about an inch in length, is 

 cultivated at Kew, as var. microphylla pendula.'^ 



2. Var. stricta, Alton, Hort. Kew. i. 319 (1789) ; Schneider, Laubholzkunde, i. 

 220 (1904); Ley, [njourn. Bot. xlviii. 70 (1910). Cornish Elm. 



1 Cf. our account of French seedlings of this species, p. 1897. A young seedling is figured mjoum. Linn. Soc. IBot.) 



XXXIX. 292, pi. 22 (19IO). >= b J \ , 



2 U. suberosa, Ehrhart, Beit. vi. 87 (1790), was a general name, applied to all the elms in Europe that were not 

 U.montana or U. Jedunculata. Ehrharfs specimen of U. suberosa in Smith's herbarium at the Linnean Society is the 



English elm," U. campestris, L. 



3 Cf. Card. Chron. xix. 453, fig. 66 (1896). 



« Distinguished as U. glabra, var. p-opendens, Schneider, Laubhohkunde, i. 220 (1904). 



