Ulmus 1^95 



arrangement of the bark and of the fibres of the wood, the stem when old being 

 covered with burrs. This is stated by old writers to be a distinct variety, which 

 produced wood valued by wheelwrights. Koch ^ states that it is a fine tree, with 

 burry excrescences on the trunk, much planted in avenues in the north of France. 



It is somewhat doubtful, however, whether this elm was really a distinct variety, 

 as the description points to abnormal growth, which might occur in any kind of elm, 

 M. Hickel informs me that the term I'orme tortillard is now applied to small elms of 

 U. nitens with twisted and knotty stems, growing as a rule in poor soil.^ 



10. Var. variegata, Dumont de Courset, Bot. Cult. vi. 384 (181 1); Loudon, 

 Arb. et Frut. Brit. iii. 1405 (1838). 



Leaves variegated with white, elliptic, i to 3 in. long, long-acuminate at the 

 apex, smooth to the touch above, on long petioles. Branchlets glabrous. This 

 occasionally bears branches with green leaves, similar to the ordinary form of 

 U. nitens. 



This^ was cultivated in 1838 in the Chiswick garden, and differs from the 

 variegated form of the English elm. Elwes saw a very fine variegated smooth- 

 leaved elm at The Mote, Maidstone, 90 ft. by 9 ft. in 191 1 ; another at Leaton 

 Knolls, Shrewsbury, 62 ft. by 5 ft. 8 in. in 1910; one at Woburn, 60 ft. by 5 ft. in 

 1908 ; and a fine tree by the roadside at Little Parndon rectory, Essex, which was 

 85 ft. by 10 ft. in 1907. This was said by the Rev. P. Deedes to be at its best 

 in July, when the leaves are of a golden colour ; but they are shed early in autumn. 

 There are also specimens at Beauport, at Stanway, and in Victoria Park, Bath. 



Another variegated variety, which is probably derived from U. nitens, is in 

 cultivation at Kew, where it forms a wide-spreading tree about 20 ft. high, obtained 

 from Smith of Darley Dale in 1879 under the name U. campestris variegata 

 nova. It bears leaves, which are often much reduced in size and entirely whitish. 

 Occasionally branches are produced bearing leaves of normal size, with the varie- 

 gation confined to the margin, while one or two other branches bear pure green 

 leaves larger than is usual in typical U. nitens. 



11. Var. Webbiana, Lee, (?;tr Simon-Louis, Cat. 1869, p. 97. 



A tree, pyramidal in habit, with ascending branches and sparse foliage. Leaves 

 folded longitudinally, so that most of the upper surface is concealed ; in other 

 respects similar to those of var. stricta. There are two good specimens at Kew, 

 about 35 ft. high, which were planted in 1871. 



This variety is said* to have been raised in Lee's nursery about 1868; but it 

 seems to be identical with U. campestris, var. concavcefolia, Loudon, Arb. et Frut. 

 Brit. iii. 1378 (1838), which is insufficiently described. 



1 Dendrologie, iL pt. i. 410, where it is referred to U. montana. Koch's description possibly refers to U. Klemeri. See 

 p. 1872. 



2 This was the view taken by Planchon, in De Candolle, Prod. xvii. 158 (1873). M. Jouin showed me in the nursery 

 of Simon-Louis at Metz, an avenue of what he called " orim tortillard," which he said were much liked by wheelwrights. 

 They seemed to be a bad stunted elm, with swellings on the crooked trunks, and are propagated by grafting on stocks of 

 U. mtem.—H. J. E. 



5 This is probably identical with var. argenteo-variegata, Rehder, in Bailey, Cycl. Ainer. Hort. 1882 (1902), which is 

 the same as var. folio argenteo-marginata, Petzold and Kirchner, Arb. Muse. 557 (1864). It appears to have been first 

 mentioned by Miller, Cat. Plant. 86 (1730), and Card. Diet. ed. I, No. 7 (1731), as Ulmus folio glabro eleganter variegata, the 

 striped witch elm. ^ Gard. Chron. 1868, p. 918. 



