Ulmus ^9^7 



appears to differ little from U. pumila, and is identical with specimens ^ collected 

 lately in Turkestan by Mr. M. P. Price. It was raised both by Spath and by Von Sivers 

 from seed sent from Turkestan ; and produces flowers at Berlin in the middle of April, 

 ripening its fruit in the end of May. Three trees at Kew, labelled U. pinnato-ramosa, 

 which were obtained from Spath in 1900, are now about 25 ft. high, and are very 

 vigorous in growth. A small tree named U. turkestanica, obtained from the Arnold 

 Arboretum in 1907, is identical with those labelled U. pinnato-ramosa. 



2. Ulmus arbuscula. Wolf, in Mitt. Deut. Vend. Ges. 1910, p. 286, was raised 

 in 1902 from seeds gathered from a large tree of U. montana in the St. Petersburg 

 Botanic Garden. It bears leaves i to 3 in. long, and is supposed to be a hybrid 

 between U. montana and U. pumila. I have seen no specimens of this tree. 



3. Ulmus Koopmannii, Lauche, ex Spath, Cat. No. 62, pp. 6 and loi (i 885-1 886). 

 This is a form of U. pumila with small ovate leaves, i to I5 in. in length. It is 

 represented at Kew by a poor tree, about 15 ft. high, which was obtained from 

 Transon in 1896. Lauche, Deutsche Dendrologie, 349 (1883), states that Koopmann 

 sent seeds of the small-leaved elm from Margilan in Turkestan to the Berlin Botanic 

 Garden, where this variety is represented by a tree with a dense oval crown of 

 foliage like U. nitens, var. umbraculifera in habit ; and the same form is now sold by 

 Spath. Koopmann informed Ascherson and Graebner ^ that this elm is frequently 

 planted in cemeteries in Turkestan, where it is often of great size. 



Distribution 



U. pumila, which was described by Pallas from shrubby specimens gathered in 

 Dahuria, appears to be widely distributed in eastern Siberia, Manchuria, and northern 

 Korea, where, according to Komarov,^ it attains 50 ft. in height, and usually grows 

 solitary in river valleys on stony or sandy ground. Bretschneider * states that it is 

 the common elm in the Peking plain, where it grows very rapidly, forming a stately 

 tall tree. It is much valued by the Chinese for its timber, which is used in making 

 carts. A nourishing white meal, containing mucilage, is obtained from the thick 

 inner bark, and is used' as food by the people in the mountains. The use of 

 this meal is ancient in China. U. pumila also occurs in Turkestan and in western 

 Tibet, where Thomson collected specimens^ at Nubra at 10,000 feet elevation. 



U. pumila, though mentioned by Loudon, does not seem to have been intro- 

 duced in his time ; and the only specimens which I have seen are at Kew. One of 

 these, labelled U. pekinensis, was obtained from the Arnold Arboretum in 1908. 

 Purdom also sent this species from north China to Messrs. Veitch in 19 10. 



(A. H.) 



I received from Peking in 1908 a section of a branch of this tree about 2 in. in 

 diameter, as that of a poplar, but on potting it leaves were produced ; and I have 



' It also agrees with specimens in the Kew Herbarium, labelled U. campestris, var. pumila, Ledebour, which were 

 collected by Kegel in Turkestan in 1878. 2 Syn. MitteUurop. Flora, iv. 557 (ngi). 



3 Flora Manshurice, ii. 88 (1903). * BoU Sinic. ii. 128 (1892). 



^ Identified with U. parvifolia, Jacquin, by Hooker, Flora British hidia, v. 481 ( i S 



