92 READINGS IN EVOLUTION, GENETICS, AND EUGENICS 
the hand large, but the fingers are relatively short, the thumb lacking 
the range of movement seen in modern man. The knee was some- 
what bent, the leg powerful, with a short shin and clumsy foot, clearly 
not of cursorial adaptation. The 
curve of the bent leg was correlated 
with a similar curvature of the 
spine, so that the man could not 
stand fully erect, as he lacked the 
fourth or cervical curvature of 
Homo sapiens. Theaverage stature 
was 5 feet 3 inches, with a range 
from 4 feet 10.3 inches to 5 feet 
5.2 inches, partly sex differences. 
Neanderthal man lived in Eu- 
rope from the Third Interglacial 
stage through the Fourth Glacial, 
‘a duration of thousands of years, 
and then became extinct, from 
twenty to twenty-five millenniums 
ago. He seems to have been an 
actual lineal successor of the man 
of Heidelberg, but was throughout 
his long career an unprogressive 
static race. One of the most 
aa ee er of Neanderthal remarkable features in connection 
panel ie with this race, however, was the 
Australian; B, Homo sapiens,the latter very reverent way in which the 
the lowest existing race. (From Lull, dead were buried, with an abun- 
alter Woodward:) dance of ornaments and finely 
worked flints. This can have but one interpretation, the awakening 
within this ancient type of the instinctive belief in immortality! 
Piltdown man.—In 1912 was announced the discovery of a very 
ancient man from the Thames gravels at Piltdown, Sussex, England. 
Here again the skull was injured and partly lost, so that the question 
of its proper restoration has been the subject of considerable contro- 
-versy. The material consists of portions of the cranial walls, nasal 
bones, a canine tooth, and part of a lower jaw. The brain-case in this 
instance is typically human, except for the remarkably thick cranial 
walls. The forehead is high and lacks the superorbital ridges of 
‘Neanderthal man and Pithecanthropus. While the skull is of com- 
