94 READINGS IN EVOLUTION, GENETICS, AND EUGENICS 
sum of the Cré-Magnon characters is certainly Asiatic rather than 
African, whereas in the Grimaldis (of which specimens have been 
found in association with Cré-Magnons at the Grotte des Enfants, 
Mentone) the sum of the characters is decidedly negroid or African.” 
The Cré-Magnons again show by their elaborate burial customs 
how old and well founded is the belief in life after death. They are 
supposed to be the people who left on the walls of the caverns of France 
and Spain the marvelous examples of Upper Palaeolithic art of which 
Professor Osborn’s book gives so adequate a description. They 
lived for a while contemporaneously with the men of Neanderthal and 
may have contributed somewhat to the final extinction of the latter. 
In the course of time, however, they too declined, although to this 
day survivors of the race may be seen in Dordogne, at Landes, near 
the Garonne in Southern France, and at Lannion in Brittany. Osborn 
says: 
The decline of the Cré-Magnons, with their artistic culture, 
“may have been par tly due to environmental causes and the abandon- 
ment of their vigorous nomadic mode of life, or it may be that they had 
reached the end of a long cycle of psychic development. .... We 
know as a parallel that in the histor y of many civilized races a period 
of great artistic and industrial development may be followed by a 
period of stagnation and decline without any apparent environmental 
cause.” 
Europe was repopulated after Cré-Magnon decline by later 
invaders from the Asiatic realm, the so-called Mediterranean narrow- 
headed and the Alpine broad-headed types, etc., probably differen- 
tiated in Asia in early Palaeolithic times. The repopulation took 
place in the Upper Palaeolithic. 
EVIDENCES OF HUMAN ANTIQUITY 
Great variation.—These, briefly summarized, are, first, great 
variation. If man is monophyletic, that is, derived from a single 
prehuman species, and there is no reason to believe otherwise, he must 
be old, for while the adaptations to ground-dwelling after the descent © 
from the trees were doubtless relatively rapidly acquired, the differen- 
tiation into the various races, due perhaps largely to climatic influ- 
ences rather than to any notable environmental change, must’ have 
been slowly attained. As corroborative evidence we have but to 
point to the mural paintings on Egyptian monuments, dating back 
