EVIDENCES FROM MORPHOLOGY 155 
tions on page 153 (Fig. 26) serve to show the muscles in question, 
when thus found in adult man. 
6. Vermiform appendix of the coecum.—This is of large size and 
functional use in the process of digestion among many herbivorous 
animals; while in man it is not only too small to serve any such 
purpose, but is even a source of danger to life—many persons dying 
every year from inflammation set up by the lodgement in this blind 
tube of fruit-stones, etc. 
In the orang it is longer than in man (Fig. 27), as it is also in the 
human foetus proportionally compared with the adult (Fig. 28). In 
some of the lower herbivorous animals it is longer than the entire body. 
Like the vestigial structures in general, however, this one is 
highly variable. Thus Figure 28 serves to show that it may some- 
times be almost as short in the orang as it normally is in man—both 
the human subjects of this illustration having been normal. 
7. Ear.—Mr. Darwin writes: 
“The celebrated sculptor, Mr. Woolner, informs me of one little 
peculiarity in the external ear, which he has often observed both in 
men and women..... The peculiarity consists in a little blunt 
point, projecting from the inwardly folded margin, or helix. When 
present, it is developed at birth, and according to Professor Ludwig 
Meyer, more frequently in man than in woman. 
Mr. Woolner made an exact model of one such 
case, and sent me the accompanying draw- 
ing [Fig. 29]... .. The helix obviously con- 
sists of the extreme margin of the ear folded 
inwards; and the folding appears to be in 
some manner connected with the whole external 
ear being permanently pressed backwards. In 
many monkeys, which do not stand high in 
the order as baboons and some species of 
macacus, the upper portion of the ear is slightly 
pointed, and the margin is not at all folded Fic. 29.—Human ear, 
inwards; but if the margin were to be thus modeled and drawn by 
folded, a slight point would necessarily pro- iin Woolen, a/tbepro- 
. i jecting point. (From Ro- 
ject towards the centre... .. In Figure 30° inanes.) 
is shown an accurate copy of a photograph 
of the foetus of an orang (kindly sent me by Dr. Nitsche), in 
which it may be seen how different the pointed outline of the ear is 
at this period from its adult condition, when it bears a close general 
