202 READINGS IN EVOLUTION, GENETICS, AND EUGENICS 
orchid blossom. It deceives butterflies and other insects, which it 
captures as they approach the seeming flower. In Java there is a 
spider which resembles a bit of bird excrement upon which butterflies 
are so apt to light. This resemblance enables it to capture the 
butterflies upon which it feeds.”’ 
Fic. 42.—Kallima, the “dead-leaf butterfly.” (From Jordan and Kellogg.) 
Warning colorationMany animals that are for various reasons 
harmful or dangerous to other animals have strikingly distinct color 
patterns which have been interpreted by some authors as warning 
marks to keep off possible attackers. Bees, wasps, hornets, some 
poisonous snakes, many spiders, all of which have stings or fangs, are- 
marked with bands of contrasting colors. Other animals that are 
