EUGENICS AND EUTHENICS 487 
death. We would not push the conclusion too far, but we can not 
doubt that this investigation shows the folly of ignoring the environ- 
ment—shows that the best inherited constitution must have a fair 
chance. * And what has here been found for a physical character, 
would probably hold good in even greater degree for a mental charac- 
ter. All that man inherits is the capacity to develop along a certain 
line under the influence of proper stimuli, food and exercise. The 
object of eugenics is to see that the inherent capacity is there. Given 
that, the educational system is next needed to furnish the stimuli. 
The consistent eugenist is therefore an ardent euthenist. He not only 
works for a better human stock but, because he does not want to see 
his efforts wasted, he always works to provide the best possible envi- 
ronment for this better stock. 
In so far, then, as euthenics is actually providing man with more 
favorable surroundings—not with ostensibly more favorable sur- 
roundings which, in reality, are unfavorable—there can be no antago- 
nism between it and eugenics. Eugenics is, in fact, a prerequisite of 
euthenics, for it is only the capable and altruistic man who can con- 
tribute to social progress; and such a man can only be produced 
through eugenics. 
Eugenic fatalism, a blind faith in the omnipotence of heredity 
regardless of the surroundings in which it is placed, has been shown 
by the study of long-lived families to be unjustified. It was found 
that even those who inherited exceptional longevity usually did not 
live as long as their inheritance gave them the right to expect. If they 
had had more euthenics, they should have lived longer. 
But this illustration certainly gives no ground for a belief that 
euthenics is sufficient to prolong one’s life beyond the inherited limit. 
A study of these long-lived families from another point of view will 
reveal that heredity is the primary factor and that good environment, 
euthenics, is the secondary one. 
For this purpose we augment the 100 families of the preceding 
section by the addition of 240 more families like them, and we examine 
each family history to find how many of the children died before com- 
pleting the fourth year of life. The data are summarized in the table 
on page 488. 
The addition of the new families (which were not subjected to any 
different selection than the first 100) has brought down the child 
mortality rate. For the first 100, it was found to be 7.5 per cent. If 
in the above table the number of child deaths, 119, be divided by the 
