THE PROMISE OF RACE CULTURE 505 
incalculable. It is not merely that, as Mr. Galton says, “There are a 
vast number of conflicting ideals, of alternative characters, of incom- 
patible civilizations; but they are wanted to give fullness and interest 
to life. Society would be very dull if every man resembled the highly 
estimable Marcus Aurelius or Adam Bede.” The question is not 
merely as to the interest of life. Much more important is the fact 
that it takes all sorts to make a world. What is the development of 
society but the result of the psychological division of labor in the social 
organism? And how could such division of labor be carried out if 
we had not various types of laborers? What would be the good of 
science if there were no poetry or music to live for? How would 
poetry and music help us if we had not men of science to protect our 
shores from plague? Obviously the existence of men of most various 
types is a necessity for any highly organized society. Even if eugenics 
were capable—as it is not—of producing a complete and balanced 
type, fit up to a point to turn out a satisfactory poem, a satisfactory 
symphony or a satisfactory sofa, the utmost could not be expected of 
such a man in any of these directions. In a word, as long as their 
activities are not antisocial, men cannot be of too various types. We 
require mystic and mathematician, poet and pathologist. Only, we 
want good specimens of each. “The aim of eugenics,” says 
Mr. Galton, ‘‘is to represent each class or sect by its best specimens; 
that done, to leave them to work out their common civilization in their 
own way..... Special aptitudes would be assessed highly by those 
who possessed them, as the artistic faculties by artists, fearlessness 
of inquiry and veracity by scientists, religious absorption by mystics, 
and so on. There would be self-sacrificers, self-tormentors, and 
other exceptional idealists.” But at least it is better to have good 
rather than bad specimens of any kind, whatever that kind may be. 
Mr. Galton thinks that all except cranks would agree as to including 
health, energy, ability, manliness, and courteous disposition amongst 
qualities uniformly desirable—alike in poet and pathologist. We 
should desire also uniformity as to the absence of the antisocial 
proclivities of the born criminal. So much uniformity being granted, 
let us have with it the utmost conceivable variety—more, indeed, 
than most of us can conceive. 
This point, of course, is cardinal from the point of view of practice. 
No progress could be made with eugenics, it would be impossible even 
to form a Eugenics Education Society, if each of us were to regard 
the particular type he belongs to as the ideal, and were to seek merely 
