914 A TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY 
that become very thick and hard (Fig. 204, A), and that 
are packed closely together until they spread apart to let 
out the seeds (Fig. 202, c). On the upper side of each 
sporophyll, near its base, there are two sporangia (Fig. 204, 
B and C), in each one of which there is a single large spore 
(megaspore). So large is the spore that it looks like a 
Fic. 203.—Staminate cone of pine: A, section of cone, showing sporophylls (stamens) 
bearing sporangia (pollen sacs); B, longitudinal section of stamen, through one 
pollen sac; C, cross-section of stamen, showing both pollen sacs; D, the winged 
pollen grain.—After SrRASBURGER. 
conspicuous cavity in the center of the sporangium. These 
structures also bear old names that may be used. The 
sporangia were called ovules ; and the sporophyll bearing 
them was called a carpel. The large spore was regarded 
only as a cavity in the ovule. The cone, therefore, is a 
group of carpels; and to distinguish it from the staminate 
cone it may be called the carpellate cone. 
