294 A TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY 
types of garden peas are those with smooth seeds and those 
with wrinkled seeds, the former being earlier and hardier 
(hence most common in the market), the latter better in 
quality. Beans are of many kinds, but the common bean of 
Europe does not succeed well in the United States. Our 
common garden and field bean is the kidney bean, which 
reached the United States from South America by way of 
Europe. The lima bean is also of South American ori- 
gin, and is most extensively grown in California. Peanuts 
(goobers) are curiously developed and very familiar pods. 
After the flower has fallen, its stem bends downward and 
pushes the young pod into the sandy soil, where it matures, 
and hence is sometimes called groundnut. Several of our 
native legumes also have this curious habit. The peanut 
is thought to be a native of Brazil, and is now grown in 
all warm regions of the world. In the United States it 
has become an important cémmercial crop of the Southern 
States since 1866, being chiefly grown in Virginia, North 
Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee; the annual yield being 
four million bushels. 
167. Umbellifers.—This is the highest family (Umbellif- 
ere) of the Archichlamydex, and the name has been sug- 
gested by the fact that the small flowers are massed in 
flat-topped clusters called umbels (§ 139) (Fig. 224). The 
family is distinguished also by the fact that the ovaries are 
inferior (§ 138). In general they are perennial herbs of 
north temperate regions. Parsnips and carrots are the 
thick tap-roots of two of the species, and cclery is the 
blanched leaf-stalks of another. Some species are charac- 
terized by their aromatic foliage or fruit, as coriander, fen- 
nel, and caraway; and one species yields the deadly hem- 
lock. 
168. Other useful Archichlamydeew.—Many well-known 
ornamental plants do not belong to the representative fam- 
ilies described above, as violets, pinks, geraniums, nastur- 
