A FI.ORA 



OF 



NORTHWEST AMERICA. 



Series J. C9,KMQP:SXTA Bndugheb. 



Plants coosistipg of root i,^d stem gro^ng iu ppposite dir- 

 ections, composed of regular cellular tissue traversed (except 

 in the very lowest forms) by woody fibre. Stems increasing in 

 size either at the apex and circumference simultaneously, or at 

 the apex only, producing buds, and usually, distinct leaves at 

 definite points and in regular order. Propagation effected by 

 means of flowers and seeds, or spores. 



PHAITEBOOAH^. Plants producing flowers and perfect seeds. 

 CRYPTOGAM J!. Plants producing spores but not flowers. 



SuBSERiEs 1. PHANEROGAMS. 



Plants bearing flowers with one or more stamens and produc- 

 ing seeds that contain an embryo. 



ANGIOSPERM^. Ovule enclosed in an ovary, and fertilized through 



a stigma. 

 GTMNOSPEKMi;. Ovule not enclostd in an ovary and fertilized by 

 direct application of pallen. 



Class 1. ANGIOSPERMS. 



Pistil consisting of a; clo'Sed bvtury which cointains the ovule 

 and forms the fruit, and' a more or less manifest style and 

 stigma. 



EXOGEN^i Stems with pith in the centre and the woody fibre in annual 



layers or rings: embryo usually with two opposite cotyledons. 

 ENDOGENffi. Stems without pith, and the woody fibre scattered irregu- 

 larly : embryo with a single cotyled )n. 



Subclass 1. EXOGEN.E. 



Stem consisting of pith in the centre, bark on the outside, 

 and these separated by one or more layers of fibrous or woody 

 tissue whicb, when the stem lives for moie than one year, in- 

 creases by the addition of new layers outside next to the bark. 

 Embryo usually with two opposite cotyledons. 



P0LYPETAL3!. Petals distinct, rarely united at base or wanting. 

 GAlJIOPETAIi^. Petals more or less united : very rarely wanting. 

 APETAL£> Petals always wanting. 



