70, VIOLACEyE. VIOLA. 



Mountains near the Oregon and California line. , ,, 



* * Subcaulescent by leafy stolons, or oauleseent with 2-3 leaved ' 

 stems. Stigma terminal beardless and beakless. , 



-1- Leaves undivided, at most only cuneate toothed. ' 



V. sarmentosa Dougl. in Hook. Fl. i, 80. Sparingly pubescent: steins 

 weak and decumbent: multiplying by long filiform rootstocks': leaves 

 rounded-cordate, reniform or sometimes ovate, >^-l>^ inches broad,' finely 

 ctenate, usually punctate with numerous dark dots : ;peduncle8 mostly ex-' 

 ceeding the leaves : flowers yellow, lateral petals with a bunch of long 

 scales at the base of the blade; spur short and saccate. In open forests,' 

 Brit: Columbia to California. 



' T. oi-bicniata Geyer Hopk. Lond. Jour. Bot. vi, 73.. EootstocS short 

 and thick, with few fibrous rootlets: stems at first very short with a pair 

 ■ of soarious acutely triangular stipules at- the base of the peduncles, at 

 length sarmentose with a few small leaves and bearing cleistogamous flow- 

 ers : leaves mostly basal, orbicular to oblong, cordate with deep narrow 

 sinus, crenulate, 1-2 inches broad, glabrous below, pubescent with short 

 stout appressed scattered hairs above, sepa;}s oblong to nearly lanceolate ; 

 petals yellow, the lower one purple veined, ''spurs short and saccate : stigma 

 beakless, bearded on the sides. In open forests, Cascade Mountains in 

 O^'egon to Idaho and Alaska. 



V. purpurea Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad, i, 56. More or less pubescent; 

 with more or less spreading hairs, stems clustered from branching perpen- 

 dicular root 276 inches long : leaves , semi-orbiculaj^ to ovate or lanceolate,' 

 cuneate or truncate at base 6-12 lines long, entire or coarsely crenate, of- 

 ten purple-veined : peduncles but little longer than the leaves : petals 4-6 

 lines long, light yellow more or less tinged with dark purple outside : cap- 

 sule globular, pubescent.' On dry opeii hillsides, Oregon to California. 



-1- ■*- Leaves 3-parted, with more or less lobed or cleft.segments. 

 y. Sheltonii Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. iv. 67, t. 2. Glabrous or. nearly 

 so: leaves round-reniform to cordate in outline, 3-parted, the divisions 

 lobed and cleft into linear or oblong segments : peduncles shorter than, 

 the leaves : petals yellow veined with purple. Wooded mountains, south- 

 western Oregon to California, 



* * * Subcaulescent, first flowering from the ground, from erect or 

 ascending rootstocks, not stoloniferous or creeping: stipules 'partly 

 and variably adnata : corolla mostly yellow wim short saccate spur : 

 stigma beakless, sometimes with a short lip, concave, mostly orbicu- 

 lar, antros-terminal or slightly oblique at the large and gibbous cla- ' • 

 vate summit of the style; bearded below its margin on each side by a 

 tnft or sometimes by nearly a ring of stiff and reflexed spreading 

 bristles. 



*- Leaves undivided, round pvate or subcordate to lanceolate : lat-. 

 eral petals either slightly bearded or beardless. 



T. Nnttallii Pursh Fl. i, 174. Glabrous or the leaf margins finely and 

 densely ciliate, root thick, perpendicular ; stems scarcely any, leaves lan- 

 ceolate, nearly entire, attenuate '■ to a long petiole, stipules lanceo- 

 late; spur very short and saccate : pubescence of the depressed beakless 

 stigma minute. Plains of the Blue Mountains of Oregon to the Rocky 

 Mountains and Kansas. 



T. priBmorsa Dougl. Bot. Reg, t. 1254. Canescent with short spread- 

 ing hairs, stems short, from thick, perpendicular branching roots: leaves 

 from nearly orbicular to lanceolate, densely pubescent below,' sparinglv so 

 or quite smooth above, irregularly crenate toothed, 6-30 lines long ^adu- 

 ally or abruptly contracted to a slender petiole : stipules scarious, lanceo- 

 late acvimin ate entire: scapes longer than .the leaves, pubescent:. sepals 

 linear 4-5 lines long, often minutely ciliate: petals bright yellow obovate 



