UMBELLIFER^. 243 



Var. borealis Coulter 1. c. Joints elongated obovate to orbicular, 2-8 

 inches long : pulvina 6-9 lines apart, with few straw-colored bristles, and 

 mostly one stout spreading or deflexed reddish-brown interior spine: 

 fruit ovate, with depressed umbilicus, shortly spiny; seeds 2 lines broad, 

 with narrow and acute margin. On sandy plains, Brit. Columbia to 

 Eastern Oregon and Dakota. 



Order XLIII. UMBELLIFERiE Juss. Gen. 



Herbs or rarely suffrutescent pjants with alternate (rarely- 

 opposite) usually pinnatifid or ternately divided leaves, the 

 petioles usually dilated and sheathing at base, and small 

 flowers in simple or compound umbels, usually subtended by 

 an involucre, and often by involucels. Calyx adherent to the 

 ovary, its limb very small, 5-toothed or entire. Petals 5, in- 

 serted on the outside of the epigynous disk, usually inflexed 

 at the point, the inflexed portion cohering with the lamina. 

 Stamens 5 alternate with the petals, inflexed in the bud: an- 

 thers ovate, introrse. Ovary composed of two united carpels 

 invested with the coherent calyx, 2-celled, with a solitary sus- 

 pended ovule, in each cell : styles 2, their bases dilated and 

 thickened into a fleshy body (called stylopodium) which cov- 

 ers the top of the ovary; stigmas simple. Fruit consisting of 

 two dry carpels which adhere by their faces (called comis- 

 sures) to a common axis (called carpophore) at length sep- 

 arating from each other and suspended from the summit of the 

 carpophore, each carpel indehiscent, marked with 5 longitudi- 

 nal primary ribs, one opposite each petal and each stamen, 

 and often with 5 secondary ones: in the substance of the peri- 

 carp are usually several longitudinal tubes (called vittsea), filled 

 with a colored aromatic oil, which are commonly lodged in the 

 spaces (intervalves) between the ribs but sometimes opposite 

 them. Heeds anatropous, usually coherent with the carpel 

 rarely loose. Embryo minute at the base of the copious 

 horny albumen. 



§ I. Fruit with secondary ribs the most prominent or the only ones : 

 oil-tubes solitary beneath the secondary ribs or wanting : stylopodium con- 

 ical (except in Daucus). 



* Fruit bristly primary ribs filiform, secondary ribs winged, um- 

 bels compound; leaves pinnately decompound. 



1. Uancns. Stylopodium depressed or wanting. 



2. Cancalis. Stylopodium conical. 



3 ColsiANDEUM Calyx-teeth evident : fruit globose, with broad commissure. 

 § II. Fruit with primary ribs only. 



* Fruit strongly flattened dorsally with prominently winged ribs. 

 -1- Caulescent branching plants with solitary oil-tubea (except 



some species of Angelica) depressed stylopodium, filiform to winged 

 dorsal and intermediate ribs and white flowers. 



