VALERIANKl-LA. DIPSACACE^. 289 



DIPSACnS. 



p. samoUfolia Hoeck ia Engler, Jahrb iii, 37. A span to a foot high : 

 verticillastrate clusters 2-4, small: corolla a line or so in length, ob- 

 scurely bilabiate, with short conical-saccate spur; achene-like fruit of the 

 shape of buckwheat, glabrous or a little pubescent, iabout a tineloiig. 

 Low grounds along the Columbia River and coast of California. 



3 VALERIANELLA Tourn. {Corn salad). 



Low glabrous annuals with opposite leaves and small flowers 

 in terminal, capita,le clusters. Calyx-lirabnone or a mere* toothed 

 or oblique border. Corolla with nearly regular 4-parted limb, 

 funnelform or more open throat, with or without a small saccate 

 gibbosity at its base anteriorly, and a short, proper tube. Sta- 

 mens 3 ; fruit 3-celled, two of them empty and mahifest, or often 

 enlarged and closed, sometimes at length confluent into one. 



V. ouTOKiA Poll. Hist. PI. Palat i, 30. Plants 4-10 inches high, 

 dichotomoufl, pubescent on the angles ; upper leaves sparingly toothed at 

 the base, ciliate; the radical petioled : flowers pale blue in small glomer- 

 ulea: stiwma of 3 very small linear-oblong lobes: fruit compressed, ob- 

 lique, at. length broader than long, glabrous, the partition between the 

 empty cells often imperfect. In fields and waste places near Portland. 

 Oregon. Introduced from Europe. 



Ohdek L. DIPSACACE^ Lindl. Veg. King 699. 



Herbs or sufl^rutescent plants (none of them native of Amer- 

 ica) with opposite or verticillate sessile leaves virithdut sti- 

 pules: the flowers aggregated in a dense involucrate head upon 

 a common receptacle, e ich usually subtended by a chaff-like 

 bract and surrounded at the base by a very short closely ap- 

 pressed monophyllou^ involucel. Tube of the calyx adherent 

 to the ovary or sometimes free except at the summit the limb 

 Various, sometimes forming a hairy or plumose pappus. Co- 

 rolla tubular : the limb 5-cleft or 4-cleft by the union of the 

 two upper lobes. Stamens 4. inserted into the corolla towards 

 the base, distinct, or rarely with the filaments united in pairs: 

 anthers introrse. Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended 

 ovule. Fruit membranaceous or acheneiform, indehiscent, 

 cr iwned with the limb of the calyx. Seed anatropous with a 

 very thin testa. Embryo nearly the length of the fleshy 

 albumen. 



1 PIPSAOUS Tourn. (teasel). 



Stout, erect hairy or prickly herbs with opposite leaves and 

 large, oblong or roundish head of small flowers : the expansion 

 of the flowers commencing about the middle and proceeding in 

 opposite directions. Involucre of rigid, spreading unequal 

 bracts. Bract^ of the receptacle rigid, acumina;te. Involucel ses- 

 sile, 4-angled, 8-ribbed, 4-toO;thed. Calyxrlimb oup-shaped, 4- 

 lobed. Corolla funnelform, 4-cleft. 



