290 COMPOSITjE. TUBUIilFLORJE, 



D. SYLVESTEis Mill. Dlct. stems stout, 2-5 feet high prickly : lanceo- 

 late-oblong, connate at base, 4-6 inchi-s long: involucre as long as the 

 heads: bracts of the receptacle tipped with a long and straight flexible 

 an'n; corolla flesh-color. In waste places and old fields. Naturalized 

 from Europe. 



Oedek LI. COMPOSITJi: Vaill. Act. Acad. Paris 143. 



Herb^, shrubs or small trees with various leares and small 

 . flowers in dense, closely involucrate heads on a simple recepta- 

 cle, the heads often resembling a single flower. Flowers 5- 

 merous or sometimes 4-merous. Tube of the calyx wholly ad- 

 nate to the ovary, its limb none or obsolete or developed into 

 a cup or teeth scales awns or capillary bristles. Corolla epigj-- 

 nous, valvate in the bud. Stamens as many as lobes of the co- 

 rolla and alternate with them, inserted on the corolla- tube ; 

 anthers united by their edges into a tube, commonly with -ster- 

 ile tips or appendages, the cells introrse, discharging the 

 pollen within the tube, this forced out by the lengthening of 

 the style. Style in all fertile flowers 2-cleft or lobed at sum- 

 mit and bearing introrse-marginal stigmas; ovary 1 -celled, 

 with a solitary anatropous ovule erect from the base. Fruit an 

 achene. Seed with a straight embryo and. no albumen. 



Herbs are said to be homogamous when all its flowers are alike 

 in sex; heterogavious when unlike (generally marginal flowevti 

 pistillate or neutral, and central hermaphrodite or by abortion 

 only staminate) : androgynoun when of pistillate and starainate 

 flowers : monoecious or dioecious when the flowers of different sexes 

 are in different heads either on the same or different plants: ra- 

 diate when there are enlarged Jigulate flowers in the margin : 

 ligulate when all the flowers have ligulate corollas: discoid when 

 there are no enlarged marginal corollas. 



SuBORDKE I. TUBULIFLORJi;. 



Herbs or t-hrubs with watery or resinous, rarely sOinewhat 

 milky juice. Corollas tubular and regular in all the hermaphro- 

 dite flowers. 



* Heads homogamous and discoid flowers all hermaphrodite, never 

 yellow; anthers not caudate at base. 



I. Eapatoria.^etB. Style-branches elongated, more or less clavate-thick- 

 ened upj^fli^fl ap^ obtuse, minutely papillose-pubefulent, stigmatic only 

 below the mimm 



* * Jlea^S bo>nogamou8 or heterogamous;. .flowers not rarely yellow: 

 style-brarich?6 of hermaphrodite flowers witjU. stigmatic lines mostly 

 prominulous and extending either to the naked' summit or to a more or 

 less distinct pubescent or hispidulous tip or appendage. 



II. A8ter»td«tt. iSnthers not cordate at base: style-branches in her- 

 maphr6diter'nowe¥l9 flattened aii^ with a disUJiilA terminal appendage : 

 disk coroH^U'lenefally yellow : rays of same or different color. 



