HELENIUM COMPOSITAE 359 



GAILLASDIA 



68 HELENIUM L. Sp. 886. 



Erect herbs with alternate simple leaves and pedunculate heads 

 of usually yellow flowers. Heads many-flowered. Bracts of the 

 involucre subulate or linear, herbaceous, spreading or soon re- 

 flexed, usually some inconspicuous short scarious interior ones. 

 Receptacle more or less elevated, naked. Disk-corollas usually 

 with short or almost obsolete proper tube and 4-5 toothed limb; 

 the teeth obtuse, glandular-pubescent. Achenes turbinate, 8-10- 

 costate. Pappus of usually 4-6 thin scarious scales. 



§ 1 OxYLEPis Gray Proc. Am. Acad, ix, 205. Rays fertile, 

 numerous, long and narrow. Disk-corollas with moderately long 

 proper tube.- Bracts of the involucre numerous, in 3 series. 



H. Hoopsii Gray Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 95. Slightly tomentose or 

 pubescent when young, soon glabrate : . stem stout, 1-3 feet Tiigh, from a 

 strong perennial root, leafy bearing several or sometimes solitary large 

 heads : leaves thickish, entire, oblong-lanceolate, or the lower spatulate 

 with long tapering- base, somewhat nervosa: rays becoming inch long, 

 tardily reflexed: disk half to three-fourths inch high, hemispherical: re- 

 ceptacle in fruit ovoid-hemispherical : scales of the pappus ovate-lanceo- 

 late, long attenuate-acuminate, a little shorter than the corolla. 

 Eastern Oregon to California and the Rocky Mountains. 



§ 2 EuHELENiuM Gray Proc. Am. Acad, ix, 305. Involucre 

 comparatively simple and small, of slender linear or subulate often 

 unequal bracts, soon reflexed. Rays fertile, rarely sterile or 

 wanting, soon drooping. Disk-corollas with proper tube very 

 short or reduced to a mere ring. 



H. autumnale L. Sp. ii, 866. Nearly glabrous or minutely pubescent: 

 stems rather stout, 2-6 feet high, corymbosely branched above, narrowly 

 winged by the decurrent bases of the leaves : leaves lanceolate to ovatei- 

 oblong, acute or acuminate, 2-5 inches long, dentate, narrowed below to 

 the sessile base : heads numerous, on long peduncles : bracts of the in- 

 volucre densely canescent : rays 10-18, drooping, as long or longer than the 

 globose yellow disk, fertile, 3-cleft : achenes pubescent on the angles : pap- 

 pus-scales ovate, acuminate or aristate, often lacerate or toothed. Wet 

 grounds and meadows, Oregon to Brit. Columbia and the eastern States. 



Var. grandiflorum Heads larger : rays 8-13 lines long : scales of the 

 pappus narrower and longer awned. Common in wet meadows, Washing- 

 ton to Californa, west of the Cascade Mountains. 



H. Bigelovii Gray Pacif. R. Rep. iv, 107. Almost glabrous : stems 

 simple or loosely branched, 3-3 feet high, conspicuously winged: leaves 

 from narrowly- to oblong-lanceolate, entire, 3-6 inches long; the radical 

 oblong-spatulate, long-petioled : heads solitary, on very long peduncles; 

 rays 10-15. 8-10 lines long, spreading, longer than the depressed globose 

 yellow disk : scales of the pappus ovate-lanceolate or subulate, awn-pointed, 

 shorter than the corolla. In marshes, southwestern Oregon to California. 



69 GAILLARDIA Fougeroux Mem. Acad. Sci. Par. 1786, 5, t. 1. 



Erect herbs with alternate leaves and long-peduncled heads of 

 showy flowers. Involucre broad, the bracts in 3 or 3 series, all 

 but the inner series largely foliaceous or herbaceous and lax. 

 Rays neutral, rarely styliferous and fertile or none. Disk-corollas 



