SENECio COMPOSITAE 377 



++ ++ Plants mostly in clumps or tufts, or from tufted or creeping 

 rootstocks : stems commonly robust, 1-5 feet high, bearing mostly 

 numerous heads in a cyme : leaves from entire to dentate, none really 

 cordate, nor with permanent tomentum : usually more or less woolly- 

 pubescent when young, often quite glabrate and green at flowering 

 time : heads many-flowered : rays 8-12, conspicuous. 



S. Columbianus Greene Pitt, iii, .]70. 5. htgens in part of authors, 

 not of Richardson. Floccose-woolly when young, at length glabrate: 

 stems stout, 2-4 feet high, from a fascicle of coarse fibrous roots : leaves 

 thick, very variable, from oblong to lanceolate, variously dentate to ser- 

 rulate ; the lower petioled ; the upper sessile by a broad base : heads nu- 

 merous, in an ample cymose panicle : involucre campanulate, 6-8 lines high ; 

 its numerous bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with or without 

 black tips : rays yellow, 6-8 lines long, oblong to oblanceolate. Common 

 on plains and hills, Brit. Columbia to California and Nebraska. 



S. exaltatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 410. Sparingly villous 

 when young, at length glabrous : stems stout, 2-3 feet high, simple, naked 

 above : leaves thick, equally crenate-denticulate ; the radical and lower cau- 

 line broadly lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, on long petioles ; the upper lanceo- 

 late, acute, partly clasping, serrate : heads small, numerous, in a compound 

 fastigiate cyme : bracts of the involucre linear, with pubescent purplish 

 or black tips : rays 6-8, oblong, short : achenes glabrous. Plains of the 

 Columbia. ' Oregon and Washington. S. lugens var. ochroleucus Gray 

 appears to be a nearly white-flowered form of this. 



S. cordatus Nutt. I. c. More or less pubescent, especially toward the 

 base of the stem: stem solitary, 2-6 feet high, from a fascicle of fibrous 

 roots, sulcate angled : lower leaves cordate-ovate, repandly serrulate or 

 nearly entire, obtuse, on long petioles ; the upper lanceolate, clasping, ser- 

 rate : heads numerous, in a nearly simple corymb : bracts of the involucre 

 about 15, linear, with pubescent black tips : rays 5-6, oblong. On sandy 

 hills Sauvie Island near the mouth of the Willamette River. 



S. Oreganus. Glabrous throughout: stems rather slender, 2-3 feet 

 high, from a somewhat woody caudex : leaves from spatulate to linear, 

 usually narrowly lanceolate, narrowed below to a slender petiole with a 

 dilated base, acutish to acuminate, more or less remotely denticulate; 

 the lowest ones, including the petiole, 4-8 inches long; the upper ones 

 reduced to sessile subulate or setaceous bracts: heads 8-20, in a close 

 umbel the rays of which elongate forming a loose cymose panicle in fruit: 

 bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate or linear, acuminate, with black 

 tips : rays yellow, spatulate, 4-6 lines long : achenes about 2 lines long, 

 glabrous. In marshes bordering Lake Labish, Marion Co. Oregon. 



S. foetidus. Glabrous : stems stout, 2-3 feet high, from a short hard 

 caudex, bearing an ample umbellate cyme of middle-sized heads: leaves 

 thin, lanceolate, finely denticulate; the lowest 4-8 inches long including 

 the petiole, acute, tapering below to a short petiole ; upper ones sessile 

 by a broad base, reduced upward to small bracts : involucre 6 lines high, 

 its very numerous linear bracts very acute, green or yellowish, often spar- 

 ingly hispidulous : rays 8-12, yellow : achenes short, glabrous. In swales, 

 Klickitat Valley Washington. This plant has a very unpleasant odor, 

 and my specimens that have been in my herbarium 20 years have not 

 lost it. 



++•*"++ Leaves crowded on the matted rootstock nearly veinless : 



achenes glabrous. 



S. valerianella Greene Pitt, iv, 109. Glabrous : stems slender, de- 

 cumbent at base, 4-6 inches long, from slender densely tufted rootstocks : 

 leaves from round-obovoid to almost orbicular, about 8 lines in diameter, 



