cARDuus COMPOSITAE 383 



tiously clavellate tips. Common on prairies Brit. Columbia to Cali- 

 fornia. 



■"" "^ None of tlie involucral bracts with fimbriate or scarious- 

 dilated tips, but tapering into an almost innocuous weak and short 

 prickle or soft points: leaves green both sides, mostly membrana- 

 ceous, not decurrent on the stem. 



C. edulis Greene Proc. Philad. Acad. 1892, 368. Stems robust and 

 somewhat succulent, 3-10 feet high, pubescent, leafy to the top : leaves ob- 

 long or narrower, from slightly to deeply sinuate-pinnatifid, weakly prick- 

 ly-ciliate : heads an inch high, scattered, or few in a cluster, usually 

 bracteose at base : involucre conspicuously arachnoid-woolly when young, 

 partly glabrate in age : corollas purple or whitish the lobes much shorter 

 than the throat, filiform in the dried state and capitellate callous at the 

 apex. Edge of timbered lands, Alaska to California west of the Cascade 

 Mountains. 



C. Hallii. Cnicus Hallii Gray. Glabrate and green : stems slender, 2-3 

 feet high leafy : leaves pinnatifid ; the lobes and teeth rather strongly 

 prickly: heads solitary and pedunculate or 2-3 in a small terminal cluster, 

 more or less bracteose leafy at base : involucre sparingly arachnoid when 

 young, soon glabrate, the attenuate tips of all but the outermost without 

 rigid spines : corollas rose-purple to white ; the lobes linear, plane, obtuse. 

 Oregon to southern California and Utah. 



* * * * Bracts of the involucre moderately unequal, or the lower 

 not rarely about equalling the upper, most of them with more or less 

 herbaceous spinescent-tipped spreading upper portion and no glandu- 

 lar dorsal ridge. 



C. occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 418. Mostly stout, 

 2-12 feet high, very white with a thick coat of cottony wool : leaves from 

 sinuate-dentate to pinnatifid, not very prickly : involucral bracts some- 

 times narrow and herbaceous acerose from a little-dilated base, sometimes 

 with broader more coriaceous base, or the outer with lanceolate-subulate 

 tips : corollas bright red or crimson : style destitute of node. Dry hill- 

 sides, southwestern Oregon to California. 



***** Bracts of the involucre regularly and chiefly appressed- 



imbricated in numerous ranks ; the outer successively shorter ; not 



herbaceous-tipped or appendaged. 

 "■" Heads oblong or cylindraceous, showy: not at all guandular 



on the back; inner ones all erect and purplish-tinged. 



C. Anderson! Greene 1. c. Slender, rather lightly and loosely woolly: 

 leaves lightly prickly, sinuate-pinnatifid, rather sparse: heads naked-pe- 

 dunculate : involucral bracts comparatively loose and erect, all gradually 

 attenuate from a narrow base: outermost tipped with shiall weak prickles : 

 corollas bright pink-red, their slender lobes about equalling their throat: 

 style prolonged above the very obscure node. Dry hills, southwestern 

 Idaho to eastern California. 



"*" ■^ Heads broad, mostly large : involucre glabrous or early glab- 

 rate, the light arachnoid wool caducous, its bracts rather large, char- 

 taceous or coriaceous, not at all glandular on the back: anther-tips 

 narrow, very acute. 



C. Drummondii Coville Contr. Nat. Herb, iv, 142. Green and some- 

 what villous-pubescent, or when young lightly arachnoid-woolly: either 

 stemless and bearing sessile heads in a cluster on the crown, or caulescent 

 and even 2-3 feet high, with solitary or several loosely disposed heads : 

 leaves from sinuate or almost entire to pinnately parted, moderately 

 prickly : larger heads fully half-inch high : bracts of the involucre thin- 



