CICHORIACEAE COMiPOSITAE 3S7 



97 Hypochaeris Flowers yellow : pappus a series of fine plumose bris- 



tles with or without some naked and shorter outer ones. 

 ■*-■*-■*-■<- Receptacle not chaffy: achenes either truncate at sum- 

 mit or upwardly attenuate, yet with no distinct or prolonged beak: 

 pappus of awned or pointed scarious palese, or of awns or bristles 

 with paleaceous base, or plumose. 



98 Ptilocalais Perennial herbs with biennial fusiform and more or less 



branching and leafy stems : pappus of 15-30 white and soft plumose 

 bristles with paleaceous base. 



99 Microseris Annual or perennial herbs with branching leafy stems: 



pappus of 4-10, usually 5 paleae tapering into scabrous awns. 



100 Scorzonella Glabrous perennials with leafy stems from fusiform 



roots : pappus of 5-10 bristles with small paleaceous base. 



101 tlropappus Acaulescent or subcaulescent annuals: pappus of 5 

 'scarious bidentate awn-tipped paleae. 



102 Nothocalais Acaulescent perennials : pappus of 20-25 linear-lance- 



olate silvery-white paleae in 2 or more series. 



§ 3 Pappus of capillary bristles scabrous, rarely barbellate, 



never plumous nor rose-tinted : except in Raiinesquia. 



* Receptacle with or without some capillary bristles among the 

 flowers. 



103 Malacothrix Achenes terete : pappus soft and white, promptly de- 



ciduous, mostly together. 



* * Receptacle naked. 

 ■^ Achenes not flattened : pappus persistent, or the bristles tardily 

 falling quite separately. 



** Beak of the achenes none, or a mere attenuation. 



104 Apargidium Heads solitary, terminating simple bractless scapes: 



achenes columnar, truncate, not tapering at either end : pappus 

 brownish, of soft and rather fragile capillary bristles. 



105 Hieracium Achenes oblong or columnar, mostly 10-ribbed or stri- 



ate : pappus tawny, of rather rigid scabrous fragile bristles in a 

 single series. 



106 Crepis Achenes from columnar to fusiform, 10-20-costate : pappus 

 white and soft, in 2 or more series. 



107 Nabalus Achenes terete or 4-5-angled, linear-oblong or cylin- 



drical : pappus of copious rather rigid capillary bristles. 



108 Lygodesniia Achenes terete, linear or slender-fusiform: pappus of 



copious and usually unequal capillary bristles. 

 ** ** Beak of the achene distinct, usually slender : heads always 

 erect. 



109 Agoseris Involucre more or less imbricated in more than 1 series : 



achenes 10-costate or 10-nerved. 



110 Taraxacum Involucre of a single series : achenes 4- or 5-costate 



or angled and usually with some intervening nerves. 



111 Rafinesquia Achenes terete, obscurely few-ribbed : pappus of 10- 



15 slender softly long-plumose bristles. i 



■•^ ■*" Leafy-stemmed plants with more or less paniculate, heads : 

 achenes flattened : pappus of copious fine and soft capillary bristles. 



