388 COMPOSITAE LAPSANA 



. . CICHORIUM 



112 Lactuca Achenes with a beak or narrowed summit: pappus-bris- 



tles falling separately. 



113 Sonchus Achenes without beak or neck : pappus of very soft and 



fine bristles which fall more or less in connection, and commonly 

 one or two stouter ones that fall separately. 

 93 LAPSANA L. Gen. n. 919. 



Erect paniculately branching annual herbs with alternate 

 leaves and small heads of yellow flowers. Involucre nearly cyl- 

 indric, its principal bracts nearly equal, and with a few exterior 

 small ones at base : Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate 5- 

 toothed at the apex. Anther sagittate at base. Style-branches 

 slender. Achenes 20-30-nerved, somewhat flattened, with round- 

 ed apex and small areola. Pappus none. 



L. COMMUNIS L. Sp. 811. Stems 1-4 feet high, paniculately branched, 

 glabrous above more or less hispid-pubescent below : lower leaves ovate, 

 repand-dentate, obtuse, thin, pubescent or glabrate, petioled, 2-4 inches 

 long, often with 2-6 lobes on the petiole; the uppermost oblong or lanceo- 

 late, sessile, acute, much smaller, mostly entire: heads very numerous, 

 3-6 lines broad, loosely paniculate: involucre oblong-cylindric, 3-3 lines 

 high of about 8 linear glaucous connate principal bracts and several very 

 small outer ones. Along roadsides and moist places, Oregon and the 

 Eastern States. Naturalized from Europe. 



94 CICHOJRIUM TOURN. L. Gen. n. 921. 



Erect branching herbs with alternate and radical leaves and 

 large heads of blue, purple, pink or white flowers panicled or in 

 sessile clusters along the stem. Heads several to many-flowered. 

 Involucre of 2 series of herbaceous bracts with coriaceous or in- 

 durated base; the outer somewhat spreading; the inner subtend- 

 ing and partly enclosing the outer achenes. Receptacle flat, 

 naked or slightly fimbrillate. Anthers sagittate at base. Style- 

 branches slender, obtusish. Achenes somewhat angled ; the 

 broad sumrnit bordered with a crown-like pappus of numerous 

 short and blunt palese in 2 or more series. 



C. iNTYBUs L. Sp. 813 (chicory). Perennial from a long deep tap- 

 root : stems 1-3 feet high, with stout, rigid branches, more or less hirsute, 

 at least below : radical leaves spatulate in outline, runcinate-pinnatifid, 3-6 

 inches long, narrowed into long petioles ; cauline oblong or lanceolate, 

 commonly dentate, those of the flowering branches mostly reduced and 

 scale-like, subtending solitary or clustered sessile heads, or some heads 

 raised on fistulous peduncles: flowers sky-blue, varying to purple or 

 white, open only at night or in cloudy weather. Roadsides and waste 

 places. 



95 PTILORIA Raf. Atl. Journ. 145, 1832. 



STEPHANOMERIA Nutt. 

 Smooth and glabrous herbs with branching or virgate often 

 rigid or rush-like stems, small or scale-like leaves on the flower- 

 ing branches, and usually paniculate small or middle-sized heads 

 of white to pink flowers that open only at night or on cloudy 

 days. Heads 3-30-flpwered. Involucre cylindraceous or oblong, 

 of several appressed and equal plain bracts and some short caly- 



