HETERocoDON CAMPANULACEAE 409 



CAMPANULA 



H. rarif lorum Nutt. 1. c. Sparingly hirsute : stems filiform, leafy, 

 diffusely spreading, 4-12 inches long: leaves orbicular, with cordate partly 

 clasping base coarsely many-toothed, 4-8 lines long : flowers solitary, axil- 

 ary and terminal : calyx with short ovoid or inversely pyramidal tube and 

 foliaceous broadly ovate sparingly toothed veiny lobes : only the later flow- 

 ers with developed pale blue corolla which barely equals the lobes of the 

 calyx : seeds oblong, obscurely triangular. In wet places and fields, Brit. 

 Columbia to California and Idaho. 



4 CAMPANULA L. Gen. n. 318. 



Perennial Or annual herbs with alternate leaves and usually 

 showy blue or white flowers. Flowers all alike and corolliferous. 

 Calyx with short and broad tube and 5-lobed limb. Corolla 

 campanulate or nearly rotate, 5-lobed or 5-parted. Filaments 

 dilated at base ; anthers oblong or linear. . Stigmas and cells of 

 the ovary 3-5. Capsule mostly short, opening on the sides or 

 near the base by 3-5 small uplifted valves or perforations. 

 * Root perennial : style not longer than the corolla, straight. 

 "^ Openings of the capsule toward its summit. 



C. Kperi. Glabrous : stems numerous from a raulticipital caudex, 1-4 

 inches high, very leafy to the top, bearing one to several bright blue flow- 

 ers : leaves cuneate to spatulate, narrowed below to broad petioles, coarsely 

 and sharply serrate, or irregularly dentate, 6-18 lines long, those of the 

 shoots withering and persistent for several years : calyx-tube short, ob- 

 conic, the subulate or linear-lanceolate lobes 6-8 lines long, about equaling 

 the open-campanulate corolla anthers linear: stigmas usually 3, strongly 

 recurved : capsule almost globular. On cliffs. Mount Steele, Olympic 

 Mountains, Washington. Distributed by Mr. Piper as C. aurita. 



C. scabi<ella Engelm. Bot. Gaz. vi, 337. Cinereous-puberulent or mi- 

 nutely scabrous to nearly glabrous : numerous stems from a multicipital 

 caudex, 3-5 inches high, 1-4-flowered : leaves thickish ; radical spatulate ; 

 upper cauline linear : lobes of the corolla ovate-lanceolate as long as its 

 campanulate tube capsules oblong-turbinate, not narrowed at summit. 

 Grassy slopes. Mount Adams, Washington, to the highest mountains of 

 California. 



■^ ■*" Openings of the capsule near the base. 



C. rotundifolia L. Sp. 163. Stems slender, erect or diffuse, 6-30 

 inches long, one to several-flowered : lowest leaves orbicular or ovate to 

 cordate, slender-petioled ; cauline leaves all linear and sessile : flower-buds 

 erect on the slender pedicels ; flowers drooping or spreading ; calyx-lobes 

 subulate, spreading, longer than the short-turbinate tube; corolla blue, 

 campanulate, 7-13 lines long : capsule obconic or ovoid nodding, opening 

 by short clefts near the base. Common on rocky banks and creek-bot- 

 toms, Alaska to California and across the Continent Europe and Asia. A 

 variable species, perhaps as here defined includes more tlian one species. 

 * * Root perennial : leaves sharply or laciniately serrate : inflores- 

 cence centrifugal and racemiform : style filiform and straight, exceed- 

 ing the narrow-campanulate corolla : capsule hemispherical or short- 

 turbinate, the openings near the middle or near the base. 



' C. Scouleri Hook. Fl. ii, t. 135. Glabrous or a little pubescent : stems 

 slender, 6-13 inches long, often branched: leaves from ovate to lanceolate, 

 1-3 inches long, acute and acutely serrate, mostly tapering at base to a 

 margined petiole : flowers more or less panicled, drooping, on long filiform 

 pedicels, pale blue, the terminal one opening first : calyx with oblong tube 



