424 PYROLACEAE pyrola 



Order LV a. PYROLACEAE Agardh CI. PI. 18. 

 Low mostly evergreen perennials with petioled leaves, and 

 deeply 4- or 5-parted, or of 5 petals. Stamens twice as many 

 as the divisions of the corolla. Anthers introrse in the bud, 

 white, pink or red, perfect and nearly regular flowers solitary 

 or in racemes or corymbs. Calyx 4- or 5-lobed. Corolla very 

 inverted when mature, opening by pores or short slits. Pol- 

 len of 4 united grains. Ovary superior, 4- or 5-celled. Style 

 short or slender, often declined. Ovules very numerous, anat- 

 ropous. Fruit a loculicidally dehiscent capsule. Seeds minute, 

 with a loose cellular coat much larger than the nucleus. 



1 Pyrola Flowers several or numerous, racemose on a scape-like pedun- 



cle: style long and usually declined. 



2 Moneses Flower solitary, on a scape : style long and straight. 



3 Chimaphila Flowers few to numerous, in a corymb or umbel on a 



leafy stem. 



1 PYROLA L. Gen. n. 554. 



Acaulescent or subcaulescent perennials with all radical ever- 

 green leaves and rather small white, greenish, or red flowers in 

 racemes on simple scaly-bracted scapes. Calyx 5-parted, persist- 

 ent. Petals 5, concave, or incurved and more or less converging, 

 sessile and deciduous. Stamens 10, declined, or straight and con- 

 nivent: filaments subulate, glabrous: anthers erect in the bud, 

 emarginate or 3-beaked at the base, mostly reversed at maturity, 

 each cell opening by a basal but apparently apical pore. Style 

 straight or declined : stigma annulate, 5-lobed or 5-toothed. Cap- 

 sule subglobose, the apex and base intruded, 5-lobed, 5-celled, 

 loculicidally 5-valved from the base, the valves woolly on the 

 margins when opening. 



P. minor L. Sp. 396. Scapes 6-10 inches high, 7-16 flowered: leaves 

 orbicular to oval, rather thin, obscurely serrulate or crenulate, 9-18 lines 

 long, rounded or slightly narrowed or subcordate at base : pedicels re- 

 curved, rather crowded : flowers white or pinkish, 3-4 lines broad : calyx- 

 lobes mostly triangular-ovate and acute; petals orbicular, naked at the 

 base, globose-connivent ; stamens equally connivent around the pistil : an- 

 thers not narrowed below the openings : style straight, much shorter than 

 the ovary, included : stigma large, peltate, obscurely 5-lobed. In the Cas- 

 cade Mountains of Oregon to Alaska and across the Continent. 



P. secunda L. Sp. 396. Somewhat caulescent from a branching base : 

 scape-like peduncles slender, 4-10 inches high : leaves ovate to oval, mostly 

 thin, acute, or rarely obtuse at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base : 

 crenulate-serrate, 1-2 inches long; flowers numerous, in a second raceme: 

 pedicels at first merely spreading, in fruit recurved : petals greenish, with a 

 pair of glands at the base of each, campanulate-connivent : stamens equally 

 connivent around the pistil : anthers not narrowed below the openings : 

 style straight, as long or longer than the petals ; stigma peltate, 4-lobed, the 

 lobes at length radiately projecting beyond the border. In mountainous 

 districts, California to Alaska and across the Continent. Europe and Japan. 



P. chlorantha Swartz Act. Holm. 1810, 190, t. 5. Scapes 6-12 inc'':v 



