610 FAGACE^ qubrcus 



tillate solitary or in small spikes, each surrounded by an involu- 

 cre of partly or wholly united bracts which becomes a burr or 

 cup. Staminate flowers with a 4-7-lobed calyx and 4-20 sta- 

 mens: filaments slender, distinct: anther-cells adnate, longitud- 

 inally dehiscent. Pistillate flowers with a 4r-8-lobed urn-shaped 

 or oblong calyx adnate to the 3-7-celled ovary : ovules 1 or 2 in 

 each cell, but only 1 in each ovary maturing, pendulous, ana- 

 tropous. Styles as many as cells of the ovary, terminally or 

 longitudinally stigmatic. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. Seed with- 

 out albumen. Embryo straight, with small apical radical and 

 large fleshy albumen. 



1 Qaercus Involucres 1-flowered, becoming a cup. 



2 Castanopsis Involucre 1-5-flowered, becoming a prickly burr. 



QUERCUS L. Sp. 994. 



Trees or shrubs with alternate deciduous or evergreen leaves 

 and small flowers. Staminate flowers numerous, in slender most- 

 ly drooping aments subtended by caducous bracts. Calyx mostly 

 6-lobed, campanulate. Stamens 6-12, with filiform filaments. 

 Pistillate flowers with a mostly urn-shaped or oblong calyx, adnate 

 to a 3-celled ovary: ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary, rarely more 

 than one in each ovary maturing. Styles as many as cells of the 

 ovary, short, erect or recurved. Fruit a solitary oblong, ovoid or 

 subglobose coriaceous 1-seeded nut, called an acorn, subtended by 

 or almost included in the more or less united bracts of the 

 involucre. 



§ 1 Staminate aments naked, from the previous season's bud 

 or from the lower part of the present season's shoots : pendulous: 

 filaments not longer, than the anthers. Pistillate flowers above 

 the staminate aments, from the axils of young leaves : stigmas 

 dilated. 



* Abortive ovules at the base or at the side of the seed : stamens 

 5-10, usually 6-8 stigmas sessile or subsessile. 



1- Acorns maturing the first season, glabrous within. 



*♦ Leaves deciduous. 



Q. Garryana Dougl. Hook. Fl. ii, 159. A small shrub to a large tree, 

 2-150 feet high, the trunk often 3 feet in diameter, with light-colored bark: 

 branchlets rather rigid, tomentose : leaves 4-6 inches long by 2-5 inches 

 wide, coarsely lobed, the lobes broad or sometimes acutish, entire or again 

 notched or lobed, dull green on the upper sde, pale yellowish or whitish 

 and strongly reticulated as well as somewhat pubescent beneath, on peti- 

 oles 6-12 lines long : calyx lobes 7 or 8, linear-lanceolate, ciliate: anthers 

 6-8: acorns sesPile or nearly so; cup shallow, its scales lanceolate, some- 

 what pubescent, flat or tuberculate-thickened at base : nut oval to obovate- 

 oblong, obtuse, about an inch long. Gbmmon from Brit. Columbia to 

 California. 



Q. Jacobl R. Br. Campst. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 4th ser. vii 255. 

 A middle-sized or large tree, branphing from near the base and forming a 

 compact head : trunk l-'3 feet in diameter, with rather thick fissured gray 



