Grebes and Divers, Penguins, and Tube^nosed Birds 431 



shoal of what looked like extremely active, very small porpoises or dolphins. . . . Tliey showed 

 black above and white beneath, and came along in a slioal of fifty or more towards the 



shore at a rapid pace, by a series of successive leaps out of the water and leaps into it 

 again. . . . Splash, splash, went this marvellous shoal of animals, till they went splash through 

 the surf on to the black, stony beach, and then struggled and jumped up amongst the boulders 

 and revealed themselves as wet and dripping penguins." 



Like their relatives in other jiarts of the world, penguins breed in huge communities known 

 as " rookeries," a rookery being peopled by tens of thousands. Tlieir nests, made of small 

 stones, are placed among the tall gi-ass and reached by beaten pathways, exceedingly difficult 

 to walk through. Professor Moseley thus describes a " rookery " : •' At first you try to avoid the 

 nests, but soon find that impossible ; then, maddened almost by the pain [for they bite furiously 

 at the legs], stench, and noise, you have recourse to brutality. Thump, thump, goes your stick, 

 and at each blow down goes a bird. Thud, thud, you hear from the men behind you as they 

 kick the birds right and left off the nests; and so you go for a bit — thump, smasli, whack, 

 thud, ' caa, caa, urr, urr,' and the path behind you is strewn with the dead and dying and 

 bleeding. Of course, it is horribly cruel thus to kill whole flmiilies of innocent birds, but it 

 is absolutely necessary. One must cross the rookeries in order to explore the island at all, 

 and collect the plants, or survey the coasts from the heights." 



Penguins feed principally on Crustacea, molluscs (" shell-fish '), and small fish, varied with 

 a little vegetable matter. Although the legs are very short, joenguins yet walk with ease, and 

 can, on occasion, run with considerable speed. It would app)ear, however, as if the largest of 

 the tribe, the Emperor-penguin, had become somewhat too bulky to run ; for when speed is 

 necessary it lies down upon the snow and propels itself with its feet, travelling, it is said, in 

 this manner with incredible speed. 



Penguins, though confined to the Southern Hemisphere, enjoy a wide range and every 

 variety of climate. They are found on the Antarctic ice, on the shores of South Africa, 

 South America, Australia, New Zealand, and inhabit many islands of the southern seas. 







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BLACK-FOOTED PENGUINS BATHING 





Flwto hy Percy Ashendeii] 



The name Jackass is bestowed because the noise made by tbese birds closely resembles the bray of a donkey. 



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