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The Living Animals of the World 



Fkotobg W. V. Uaiulo, r.Z.S.] 



[KcgaiCs Park. 



KING-PENGUIX. 

 This is one of the largest of the Penguins. 



notably the Falklands, Ker- 

 guelen, and Tristan d'Acmiha. 

 In size penguins vary greatly. 

 Tlie largest is the Emperor- 

 PENGUIN of the Antarctic seas ; 

 scarcely smaller is the King- 

 penguin of Kerguelen Island. 

 The emperor-penguin stands 

 some 3i- feet high, and may 

 weigh as much as 78 lbs. The 

 Gentle Penguin, or " Johnny " 

 of the sailors, is next in size, 

 being but little smaller than 

 the king-penguin ; this species 

 inhabits Kerguelen Island and 

 the Falklands. The Crested 

 Penguins, or Eock-iioppers, of 

 which there are several species, 

 are much smaller ; they occur 

 in the Falkland Islands, New 

 Zealand, and the Antarctic. 

 The South African form is known 

 as the Black-footed Penguin. 



Its nearest allies are Humboldt's Penguin of Western South America, and the Jackass-penguin 

 of the Falklands. The smallest of all is the little Blue Penguin of South Australia and New 

 Zealand, standing only 17 inches high. 



THE TUBE-XOSED BIRDS. 



Until recently these birds were believed to be closely related to the Gulls, but it is 

 now generally agreed that they are really distant relatives of the Divers and Penguins. The 

 association with the Gulls was pardonable, for they certainly bear a superficial resemblance 

 to them. The birds now under discussion may be readily distinguished from the Gulls by the 

 fact that the nostrils open into a tube on the top of the beak, or a pair of tubes, one on 

 either side — hence the name of the group. Like the Gulls, they are sea-birds and web-footed. 

 Their young are downy and for a time helpless. One egg is laid, which is white, and in some 

 cases spjotted with red at the large end. As a rule no nest is made, but the egg laid on the 

 bare ground, in a hole or burrow or in crevices of rocks. The Albatrosses build a nest of 

 earth, tufts of grass, and moss, the whole structure raising the sitting-bird well above the 

 ground. Tlie Giant and Fulmar Petrels also build nests. The albatross is said by Professor 

 Moseley to hold the egg in a pouch while sitting, as in the case of the king-penguin. The 

 nature of this pouch has never been described. 



Although occurring in the seas of all parts of the world, the Southern Hemisphere must 

 be regarded as their headquarters, since here the greatest number of species are found. All are 

 carnivorous, and — with the exception of one small group, the Diving-petrels of the Strait of 

 jMagellan — are birds of powerful flight. A large number of species belong to this group, but 

 an enumeration of all would be wearisome. A few of the more striking ha\'e, therefore, been 

 selected for description. 



The Albatrosses. 



It was an albatross which brought such woe upon the ancient mariner whose pitiful story 



IS so feehngly told by Coleridge. Ba;t, the tables are occasionally turned, for men falling 



overboard in southern seas are liable to bfe-tittacked by these powerful giants. The albatross 



is mostly renowned for its majestic flight. Mr.'''Fr6ude has given us a wonderful description 



