KONGL. SV, VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 20. N:0 5. 29 



Medium. Maximum. Minimum. 



Temperature of the water at the surface + 3,3 + 5,2 + 1,5 



» at the depth of 16 — 280 fathoms —0,9 +1,9 — 3,2') 



According to observations by the same expedition at Musselbay on the north coast 

 of Spitzbergen, the temperature of the sea at the end of September and during the 

 whole of October was about — l,°o, during November from — 0°,5 to l°,o, and varied 

 during December to April between — 1°,5 and — 1°,8, rising a very little during the 

 few days when the sea was free of ice. It never rose during the period mentioned to 

 more than — l°,o C. ^). 



In the eastern part of the Murman Sea along the west coast of southern Novaya 



Zemlya and Waygats, the Swedish expedition 1875 found the temperature of the water 



at the surface of the sea to be: 



Medium. Maximum. Minimum. 



During June (22—30) +1,31 +2,4 +'0,o, 



» July + 4,33 + 8,8 + 0,6. *) 



With increase of depth the degree of warmth diminishes, as is shown for instance by 

 the following researches off the west coast of Novaya Zemlya Lat. 72°43'N. Long. 52° 0' E. 



Temperature at fathoms + 0°,6 C. 



» » 10 » — r,4 » 



» » 20 » — r,9 » 



» » 30 » — r,7 » *) 



The Swedish expedition 1875 found the mean temperature of the water at the 

 surface in the western part of the Kara Sea during 2 — 3^ 24 — 31 August and 1 — 2 

 September to amount to + 3,i7 *). 



That the warmth of the water even here decreases towards the depth, is shown 

 by the following observations from different parts of the sea between Novaya Zemlya 

 and the mouth of the Yenissei. 



1. West of Yalmal Lat. 72° 19' N. and Long. 18° 40' E. August 8:th. 



Temperature of the water at fathoms.... ^ 5°,2 C. 



» » » 2 » .... + 3°,o » ■ 



» » » 3 » .— + 2°, 4 » 



» » » 5 » .... +■ 1°,5 " 



» » » 8 » .... + 0°,o » (near the bottom), 



2. Lat. 73° 30' N., Long. 69° E. August 9:th. 



Temperature of the water at fathoms.... + 7°,8 C. 



» » » 2 » .... + 7°,o » 



» » » 4 » .... + 0°,6 » 



» 8 » .... — l°,o » (near the bottom). 



» » 



*) NoRDENSKiOLi), Proven, p. 109. 



^) See Kjellman, Vinteralgveg. p. 62 — 63. 



^) Cp. NoRDBNSKioLD, Proven, p. 92 — 98. 



*) NORDENSKIOLD, Proven, p. 106. 



') Cp. NoRDENSKiOLD, Proven, p. 99 — 103. 



