KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND. 20. N:0 5. 13 



the Fucacete have much receded, are covered with a very motley vegetation. In 

 general, the mixture of species is such that it can hardly be decided whether one 

 or more species are predominant. However, it cannot be denied that there appears 

 here and there a certain differentiation, Floridese occurring most numerous in some 

 places, green algae in others, together with the Fucaceas. At Finmarken, and, judging 

 by the statements of Kleen, also at Nordlanden at exposed parts of the coast, where the 

 bottom of the litoral zone is formed of gradually sloping rocks, Floridese are often 

 found in considerable number: Rhodomela lycopodioides, Polysiphonia urceolata, Rhody- 

 menia palmata, Halosaccion ramentaceum, Gigartina mamillosa, Cystoclonium purpura- 

 scens and Porphyra laciniata. Here however several other algae, that do not belong to 

 the Florideae, also grow abundant, as Chordaria flagelliformis, Monostroma arcticum, 

 Spongomorpha spinescens a. o. Such places of the litoral zone as are rich in tide-pools, 

 are richly furnished with green algae, though in a very motley mixture, principally with 

 Fucoidete, but also with Floridesp. This holds good both of Finmarken and, according 

 to Kleen, of Nordlanden. He says ^): )>The very greatest part of the species observed 

 (at Nordlanden) are to be found between tide-marks, partly and principally in tide- 

 pools, partly on rocks above low-water mark». The following species may be mentioned 

 as characteristic of these parts of the litoral zone of Finmarken: Corallina officinalis, 

 (to which are attached Myriotrichia filiformis, Chantransia Daviesii and Ch. secundata), Litho- 

 thamnion polymorphum, Hildbrandtia rosea, Cliondrus crispus, Ceramium rubrum, Punctaria 

 plantaginea, Ilea fascia, Dicfyosiphon foeniculaceus, Enteromorpha intestinolis, Monostroma 

 Blyttii (with Ectocarpus confervoides and Myrionema strangulans), Spongomorpha arcta 

 and Sp. lanosa, Cladophora. glaucescens and CI. gracilis (with Myrionema strangulans, 

 small species of Ectocarpus and Pylaiella). Besides these, smaller species of Fucus are 

 sometimes found, as F. distichus, F. linearis, F. filiformis, F. miclonensis, these being 

 then often predominant. In other cases Enteromorphce, Cladophorece, and Monostroma 

 Blyttii hold the most prominent place on account of their superiority in numbers. 



Though the litoral vegetation of the Polar Sea on the coast af Norway cannot 

 thus be said to be uniform, still it is not so far gone in differentiation but that it can be 

 regarded as belonging to only one more sharply marked formation of algae — that of 

 the Fucaceae. 



In the other parts of the Arctic Sea, where the litoral Flora is more rich, espe- 

 cially more rich in Fucacete, the uniformity is certainly greater and the differentiation 

 still lesser than in the Norwegian Polar Sea. ^) 



It has already been intimated above, that species which in the Norwegian 

 Polar Sea are litoral or most nearly related to litoral species, occur commonly, in 

 other parts of the Arctic Sea, within the sublitoral zone. This is the case for in- 

 stance with Rhodymenia palmata, Rhodomela lycopodioides, generally in the form 

 tenuissima, Halosaccion ramentaceum, Fucus evanescens, Monostroma Blyttii, Spongo- 

 morpha arcta a. o. These grow often scattered in small numbers, entering as ele- 

 ments in the formation of Laminariaceae; but it happens sometimes that they form 



^) Kleen, Nordl. Alg. p. 7. 



^) Cp. above p. 10—11 and Cienkowsky, Bericht, 



