124 KJELLMAN, THE ALG^ OF THE ARCTIC SEA. 



Polysiphonia arctica J. G. Ag. Spetsb. Alg. Progr. p. 3; Bidr. p. 11. 

 » )) Dickie, Alg. Gumboil, p. 238. 



» 1) Eatox, List. p. 44. 



» » Gobi, 1. c. p. 26- 



» B Kjellm. Winteralgv. p. 64. Spetsb. Thall. 1, p. 9; Algenv. Murm. Meer. p. 



11; Kaiiska hafvets Algv: p. 19. 

 » stricta Zeller, Zweite d. Polarf. p. 85; fide spec. 



» urceolata Croall, F1. Disc. p. 459 saltern ex parte. 



» u WiTTK. in Heugl. Heise 3, p. 284; fide spec. 



Remiirk on the synonymy. It is probably impossible to decide at present what 

 R. BuowN meant by his Conferva nigra mentioned in Appendix V to Scoresby's Voyage. 

 I think it highly probable, however, that this is the P. arctica Avhich is common on 

 the coast of Spitzbergen and becomes very black in drying. Of P. stricta Croall some 

 specimens — those with five siphons — belong probably to P. arctica, others, especially 

 those from Egedesminde, to P. urceolata. There are most probably no other species 

 than these to choose between. Cp. Kjellm. Spetsb. Thall. 1, p. 9 and Gobi, Algenfl. 

 weiss. Mecr., p. 27. 



Habitat. It grows on exposed as well as sheltered coasts, fastened partly to other 

 algae partly to stones, within the sublitoral zone, generally in the upper part of it in 

 1 — 10 fathoms water, sometimes in its lower part together with several deep-water 

 forms, or even in the uppermost part of the litoral zone. On the arctic coast of Norway 

 I have met with it only in the lower part of the sublitoral zone at a depth of 10 — 20 

 fathoms together with several other species common and widely spread in the Arctic 

 Sea. Even in the White Sea it appears to occur most often in deeper water, at 10 — 

 12 fathoms, sometimes at a less depth 3 — 8 fathoms, but even then together with se- 

 veral purely arctic forms, as Odonthalia dentata, Delesseria sinuosa, Ptilota pectinata, and 

 Phyllophora interrupta. It belongs chiefly to the formation of Laminnriacece, and grows 

 here scattered, never gregarious in greater masses. On the north coast of Spitzbergen 

 it persists through the winter and develops during the whole dark and cold season, 

 although slowly. Specimens with young vegetative organs in a state of development 

 are however continually found. In April their development becomes more vigorous, 

 it reaches its maximum of energy in the middle of May and continues during the sum- 

 mer months. 



Although I have had the opportunity to examine a great many specimens of this 

 alga at all seasons, I have but very rarely met with any furnished with organs of 

 propagation. Only once, in the month of August 1872, I have found a specimen with 

 young sporocarps, and in July of the same year another specimen with young forma- 

 tions that were propably the beginning of antheridia. I found specimens with tetraspo- 

 rangia on the 8:th and 21:st of November, on the 19:th and 20:th of December 1872, 

 and the 18:th of January 1873. That the species at Spitzbergen produces tetrasporangia 

 also in summer, is proved by J. G. Agardh describing these organs from specimens 

 brought home from there by Vahl and by Torell's expedition who stayed on the coasts 

 of Smitzbersen only during the summer. 



