186 KJELLMAN, THE ALGiE OF THE ARCTIC SEA. 



Habitat. The typical form is literal or sublitoral. In the former case it forms 

 a more or less dense mat of sometimes rather great extent on rocks between tide-marks, 

 in the latter case it lives in 3 — 4, sometimes 5 — 15, fathoms water, sometimes covering 

 stones as a mat, sometimes fastened to algae in the shape of small tufts. It occurs 

 both on exposed coasts and in the interior of deeper bays, sometimes gregarious in 

 large masses, so as to determine the character of the vegetation for rather considerable 

 stretches. I have never found it with fully developed tetraspores in the Polar Sea; it 

 probably bears such organs at those seasons when I have not had an opportunity of 

 examining them here, in winter, spring, or autumn. Judging from those few tetra- 

 sporangia abnormally developed and apparently produced after the proper season for 

 tetrasporangia, which I have seen in specimens from Spitzbergen, the formation of 

 tetrasporangia would seem take place here during the spring, i. e, in May or June. 



I have found the form globosa in the upper part of the litoral zone at places 

 exposed to a heavy surge. 



Geogr. Distrib. The present species is known from the Atlantic province and the 

 adjoining parts of the Polar Sea. According to my experience, its maximum of fre- 

 quency is in the eastern part of the Spitzbergen province. The most northern locality 

 where it has been collected is Fairhaven on the north-west coast of Spitzbergen, Lat. 

 N. 79° 49'. 



Localities: The Norwegian Polar Sea: Nordlanden, common, according to Kleen; 

 Finmarken: MaasO, Gjesvajr, Oxfjord, and Talvik, local and rather scarce. 



The Greenland Sea : the west and north-west coasts of Spitzbergen, local and scanty. 



2'he Murman Sea: the west coast of Novaya Zemlya, pretty common, at some 

 places plentiful. 



Baffin Bay: Cumberland Sound, common; Cape Adaire; the west coast of Green- 

 land at Neuherrnhut and Huude Islands. Lyngbye and Ckoall report it also from 

 Greenland without noting any special locality, and specimens collected there are to 

 be found in the herbarium of the Copenhague Museum. 



I know the form globosa only from the Norwegian Polar Sea, from Gjesvser. 



Rhodochorton (?) sparsum (Carm.) nob. 

 Callithamnion sparsum Carm. in Hook. Brit. PI. p. 348. 



Descr. Callithamnion sparsum J. G. Ag. Epicr. p. 14. 

 Fig. » » Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 297. 



Syn. Callithamnion sparsum Dickie, Alg. Cumberl. p. 2.39. 



Thamnidiura sparsum Kleen, Nordl. Alg. p. 23; Cfr Kjellm. Algenv. Murm. Meer. sub Th. 



Rothii p. 25. 



Habitat. This most uncertain and little known species has been found sterile in 

 the Polar Sea, fastened to stems of Laminarincew and to Sphacelaria arctica. 

 Localities: The Norwegian Polar Sea: Nordlanden. 

 Baffin Bay: Cumberland Sound. 



