PiNE FAMILY 



Leaves. — In clusters of three, slender, stiff, slightly twisted, acute 

 with callous tips, serrulate, pale green, glaucous, six to ten inches 

 long ; fibro-vascular bundles two. Sheaths close, thin. 



Flowers.— K'px\\, May. Staminate flowers clustered, cylindrical, 

 three-fourths of an inch long ; anthers yellow with rounded denticu- 

 late crests ; involucral bracts eight to ten. Pistillate flowers lateral, 

 not far from the apex of the growing shoot which is several inches 

 long before they appear ; solitary or in pairs, sometimes in clusters of 

 three. Scales yellow ; peduncles short, covered by brown acuminate 

 bracts. 



Cones. — Lateral, ovate-oblong, three to five inches long. Scales 

 armed with stout recurved prickles, slightly concave, rounded at the 

 apex. Seeds dark brown blotched with black, rhomboidal ; wings 

 thin, fragile, three-fourths of an inch long. 



Scales thickened at apex, transverse ridge prominent, armed with 

 stout recurved prickles, slightly concave, rounded. 



PITCH PINE. TORCH PINE 



Pimts ri^ 



Usually fifty or sixty feet in height, with short trunk ; bears 

 cones when quite small ; capable of producing vigorous shoots from 

 both stem and stump after injury by fire. Bears both primary and 

 secondary leaves. Ranges from New Brunswick to Georgia, west- 

 ward to Kentucky and Tennessee. Found in dry sands or rocky 

 soil and in cold deep swamps. Ascends 3,000 feet above the sea 

 in Virginia. 



Bark. — Dark reddish brown, with deep fissures and broad, flat, 

 scaly ridges. On young stems thin and broken into plate-like, dark, 

 red brown strips, Branchlets smooth, bright green at first, become 

 orange yellow, finally a dark gray brown. 



Wood. — Light brown or red, sapwood yellow or white ; light, soft, 

 not strong, coarse-grained, durable, very resinous. Used for lum- 

 ber, fuel, and charcoal. Sp. gr. ,0.5151 ; weight of cu. ft., 32.10 lbs. 



Buds. — Branch-buds obovate-oblong, acute, one to three-fourths 

 of an inch long ; scales dark brown, shining, fringed ; bases per- 

 sistent for years. 



Leaves. — Primary leaves are often borne on vigorous shoots start- 

 ing from an injured trunk. Secondary leaves in clusters of three, 

 stout, rigid, dark yellow green, three to five inches long ; fibro- 

 vascular bundles two ; sheaths one-half to one inch long. 

 ■ Flowers. — April, May. Staminate flowers clustered on the stem, 

 cylindrical, three-fourths of an inch long ; anthers yellow with nearly 

 orbicular entire crests ; involucral bracts six to eight, Pistillate 

 flowers lateral, clustered ; scales pale green tinged with rose, acute, 

 with slender tips ; peduncles covered with dark brown bracts. 



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