AEDE8 CANTATOK 703 



means a developing mass. The early brood hatching in March develops slowly 

 and irregularly, and while adults begin to emerge early in April, it is not until 

 the beginning of May that all are out. Larvae of the second series are not found 

 much before the beginning of June, and they mature during the last days of that 

 month. Thereafter every pool will have larvas in some stage and every rain will 

 make some pools. A period of drought followed by a storm and accompanied by 

 a high tide will produce another general hatching, and so on, as already set out 

 in the general description of marsh breeding." 



The adults fly all summer and are generally troublesome near the sea-coast. 

 In Maine Dr. Dyar found this practically the only mosquito present in August, 

 and so numerous on the beach as to prevent one from walking there after sunset. 

 Like the other salt-marsh breeders, the females of this species fly long distances 

 inland. In New Jersey Professor Smith had the following experiences : 



" This species was not recognized as distinct until 1903, but was confused with 

 both cantans and sylvestris. It was this fact that prevented its recognition as a 

 migrant in 1903, when I first met with the species in great numbers and found 

 it as early as April, the dominant form in South Orange. Sylvestris and cantans 

 are both known as upland species, hence a local breeding place was sought and 

 not found. Later in the season the breedings from the marshes turned out this 

 species in numbers almost equal to sollidtans, from a wriggler much like that of 

 the latter. At that time I insisted upon the distinctness of the species and, 

 finally, Mr. Coquillett described it, calling it cantator — ^perhaps because of its 

 general resemblance to cantans. In the Spring of 1903, 1 had abundant oppor- 

 tunity for observing it. As early as March 23d, larvae were well advanced at the 

 edge of the Newark Marsh, and adults began to issue during the early days of 

 April. But it was not until the last days of the month that the bulk of the 

 brood began to issue, and during the early days of May the migration was on 

 in full force. May 13th, they had reached South Orange, and by the middle 

 of the month the entire country was covered with .them. A second and much 

 larger brood became started on the marshes late in May, and before the end of 

 June was fully a-wing. Migration began during the last days of June and, 

 north and west, locality after locality was covered to an extent greater than 

 usual. Sollidtans was also in this swarm which filled the cities and towns 

 bordering on the marsh as they had rarely been filled before. 



" The early brood in the Earitan marshes had not been heavy and few speci- 

 mens got as far west as New Brunswick; but the same conditions that started 

 the June brood at Newark started that on the Earitan. Frequent trips by one 

 or the other of my assistants had kept me fully advised of the developments, and 

 I anticipated that by July 1st we might get our first supply. It came as 

 expected ; full measure, heaping and overflowing. On the morning of July 2d, 

 I was met when I stepped outdoors by a famished horde containing sollidtans, 

 twniorhynchus, and cantator. The preceding evening we had sat comfortably 

 out on the porch, without disturbance from mosquitoes. The incoming horde 

 settled the comfort for weeks thereafter. 



"This same brood was traced to Plainfield, Dunellen, Bound Brook and 

 Somerville, where the migratory forms rarely get. How much further they 

 spread in that direction I do not know, but the Newark swarm was traced to 

 Summit and Morristown, and may have extended further. 



"In 1904 marsh conditions favored the early brood and unusual swarms 

 developed on the Earitan, Elizabeth and Newark meadows early in May ; indeed 

 the favoring conditions extended all along shore so that by May 10th the whole 

 marsh area was awing, except along the Shrewsbury, where the work done by the 

 Monmouth Beach and Eumson Neck Associations completely annihilated the 



