18 COTTON 
But these problems hardly began to be urgent be- 
fore they were solved. Hargreaves, Arkwright, 
Watt, Cartwright and others with their now fam- 
ous inventions, showed how to make one man’s 
labor yield more than that of ten men had done 
before—and succeeded, even if the mad mob did 
scour the country in search of the new machines 
they believed would take the bread from the mouths 
of the laborers. 
AMERICA BEGINS TO SUPPLY ENGLAND'S WANTS 
And just as the English spinners learned how 
to spin and weave cotton fast enough, just then 
America answered her question as to where she 
could get the raw material. 
Cotton, on a small scale, was grown in America 
from the time of the earliest settlements. In 1621 
the first planting was made in Virginia. The first 
permanent settlers in North Carolina in 1664 grew 
cotton as one of their principal crops, and forty 
years later cotton furnished one-fifth of the cloth- 
ing used by the people of the State. South Carolina 
began cotton culture in 1766, and Georgia early in 
the eighteenth century. 
“Barrels of cotton” and “bags of cotton” soon 
began to be mentioned as articles of export to Eng- 
land, and in 1751 it appears that one Henry Han- 
sen shipped “in good order and well conditioned, 
in and upon the good scow called the Mary, where- 
of is master under God, for this present voyage, 
Barnaby Badgars, and now riding in the harbour 
of New Yorl:, and by God’s grace bound for Lon- 
don—to say, eighteen bales of cotton wool, being 
marked and numbered,” ete. In 1786 Liverpool 
