ANAPHYLAXIS OR HYPERSUSCEPTIBILITY 299 



authors, also upon the mode of injection of the first dose; on this point, 

 however, no conclusions are, at present, justified. 



At reinjection, the symptoms are more prompt in developing and 

 more severe when the injection is made intraperitoneally, intracardially, 

 or intracerebrally than when the subcutaneous route is chosen. 



The symptoms occurring in sensitized animals after the second 

 or anaphylactic injection are usually well-marked and unmistakable. 

 The animals move about restlessly, breathe rapidly, and may cough. 

 Often they stagger about or fall upon one side, and die frequently in 

 convulsions within a time ranging from five minutes to one hour after 

 the injection. During this time there is a rapid fall of temperature and 

 frequently defecation and urination. Animals that recover from the 

 condition after such symptoms, return to normal within a remarkably 

 short time — twelve to twenty-four hours. 



Animals dead of anaphylaxis, according to Gay and Southard,^ show 

 congestion of the serous membranes of peritoneum, pleura, and pericar- 

 dium, with small hemorrhagic spots on the heart and lungs and the 

 pleura. In some cases there is fatty degeneration in the parenchyma 

 cells of the heart, the muscles, and in the nervous system. Such lesions, 

 however, could not be found by Otto, but were found in some cases by 

 Doerr.^ 



When sensitized animals recover from the second injections, they are 

 thereafter immune — that is, they do not react to subsequent injections 

 of the same substance. 



This immunity or " antianaphylaxis " as Besredka ' and Steinhardt 

 have called it, appears immediately after recovery from the second in- 

 jection. Antianaphylaxis may also be produced if animals which have 

 received the first or sensitizing dose are injected with comparatively 

 large quantities of the same substance during the preanaphylactic period 

 — or, as it is sometimes spoken of, during the anaphylactic incubation 

 time. This injection should not be done too soon after the first dose, but 

 rather toward the middle or end of the preanaphylactic period. 



If given within one or two days after the sensitizing injection, ana- 

 phylaxis will develop, nevertheless. Whether or not the antianaphylactic 

 condition is transitory or permanent is not yet fully shown. Besredka 

 and Steinhardt believe that it lasts a long time, while Otto found guinea- 



> Gay and Southard, Jour. Med. Res., May, 1907. 



2 Doerr, in Krauss and Levaditi, "Handbuch," etc.; 2, Die Antikorper. 

 1 Besredka and Steinhardt, Ann. de I'inst. Pasteur, 1907. 

 30 



