300 INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 



pigs immunized in the above manner to lose their antianaphylaxis within 

 three weeks. 



An important development of our knowledge of the phenomena of 

 anaphylaxis was achieved when NicoUe, Otto/ Gay and Southard/ and 

 others ' succeeded in showing that the hypersusceptible state could be 

 passively transferred to normal animals by injecting them with the 

 serum of anaphylactic animals. In such experiments the serum of the 

 anaphylactic animal is first injected in quantities of 0.5 c.c. or preferably 

 more, and twenty-four hours later an injection of the specific antigen — 

 that is, the proteid used for sensitization — is given. The animals so 

 treated show typical symptoms of hypersusceptibility and often die. 



Simultaneous inoculation of the two substances, either mixed or 

 injected separately, does not, according to Rosenau and Anderson, pro- 

 duce the same effect. On this point, however, there is not complete 

 unanimity, since Weill-HaUe and Lemaire"* report aphylactic symp- 

 toms in guinea-pigs injected simultaneously with horse serum, and the 

 serum of guinea-pigs hypersusceptible to horse serum. Reversal of the 

 procedure originally described, however, may be successfully practiced. 

 Thus Pick and Yamanouchi' have recently succeeded in producing 

 anaphylactic symptoms by injecting rabbits first with beef serum, and 

 some time later with anti-beef serum from rabbits. Their experiments, 

 however, are not entirely analogous to those given above, since the anti- 

 serum used by them for reinjection was actually a precipitating immune 

 serum. A remarkable fact, observed by Otto, is that the serum of 

 guinea-pigs who have been given the sensitizing or first injection wiU 

 confer passive anaphylaxis on the eighth or tenth day after injection, 

 before the animals themselves show evidences of being actively hyper- 

 sensitized. It is also true that occasionally the serum of antianaphy- 

 lactic animals will possess the power of conferring passive anaphylaxis 

 upon other normal animals. 



Anaphylaxis may also be passively transmitted by inheritance. 

 Thus, according to Rosenau and Anderson, the young of anaphylactic 

 guinea-pigs show hypersusceptibility, irrespective of whether the mother 

 became hypersusceptible before or after the beginning of pregnancy. 



' Otto, loc. cit. 



2 Gay and Southard, loc. cit. 



3 Nicolle, Ann. de Tinst. Pasteur, 1907, 1908. 



* WeilUHalU and Lemaire, Compt. rend, de la soc. de biol., 1907. 

 '^ Pick and Yamanouchi, Wien. klin. Woch., xliv, 1908. 



